CircRNAs and cancer: Biomarkers and master regulators

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 90 - 99

Published: Dec. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Circular RNAs in body fluids as cancer biomarkers: the new frontier of liquid biopsies

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, particularly because its high mortality rate in patients who are diagnosed at late stages. Conventional biomarkers originating from blood widely used for cancer diagnosis, but their low sensitivity and specificity limit widespread application screening among the general population. Currently, emerging studies exploiting novel, highly-accurate human body fluids that obtainable through minimally invasive techniques, which defined as liquid biopsy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) newly discovered class noncoding generated mainly by pre-mRNA splicing. Following rapid development high-throughput transcriptome analysis numerous circRNAs have been recognized to exist stably levels fluids, including plasma, serum, exosomes, urine. CircRNA expression patterns exhibit distinctly differences between with healthy controls, suggesting potentially represent novel monitoring progression. In this study, we summarized pan-cancer dataset characterized clinical applications biopsy diagnosis prognosis. addition, user-friendly web interface was developed visualize each circRNA ( https://mulongdu.shinyapps.io/circrnas_in_fluids/ ).

Language: Английский

---

Function and clinical significance of circRNAs in solid tumors

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 31, 2018

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). circRNA regulates gene expression in many biological processes, and it also participates the initiation development various diseases, including tumors, which are focus present research. With high-throughput sequencing technique, an increasing number circRNAs closely related to tumors have been discovered. According numerous studies, there significant difference expressions among variety tumor tissues para-carcinoma normal tissues. Some specifically expressed may potentially serve as biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis. This systemic review briefly introduces characteristics, biogenesis, functions circRNAs, well discusses their relationship with cancer detail. In addition, this article describes several research strategies circRNAs.

Language: Английский

---

Circular RNA circITGA7 inhibits colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by modulating the Ras pathway and upregulating transcription of its host gene ITGA7

The Journal of Pathology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 246(2), P. 166 - 179

Published: June 26, 2018

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are significantly dysregulated in various cancer types. However, the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that a novel circRNA (circITGA7) its linear host gene ITGA7 both downregulated colorectal (CRC) tissues cell lines. These decreased expression levels correlated with CRC progression. Functional assays ectopic circITGA7 suppressed growth metastasis cells vitro vivo. Knockdown or promoted proliferation migration vitro, enhanced Mechanistically, by using RNA-sequencing KEGG enrichment analysis, found is negative regulator Ras signalling pathway, associated cytokine-related pathways. addition, binds to miR-370-3p antagonise suppression neurofibromin 1, which well-known pathway. Finally, upregulates transcription suppressing RREB1 via conclusion, our findings indicate suppressor role CRC, reveal inhibits pathway promoting ITGA7, suggesting potential target for treatment. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society Great Britain Ireland. Published John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Language: Английский

---

Biogenesis, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in gastric cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2019

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in world and has high morbidity mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class non-coding with covalently linked circular structures. In recent years, plentiful circRNAs have been discovered that participate many biological processes, including initiation development tumours. Increasing evidences suggest important functions circRNAs, implying may serve as vital new biomarkers targets for disease diagnosis prognosis. Among these, tend to aberrantly expressed regarded potential carcinogenesis progression GC. This review systematically summarised biogenesis, properties focus on their relationship GC, well probable clinical implications As our cognition relation between GC deepens, more molecular mechanisms will be discovered, therapeutic strategies used prevention treatment

Language: Английский

---

Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1170 - 1170

Published: Aug. 14, 2019

The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in directions: (1) understanding the mechanism carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving prevention screening early detection disease. This aspect has developed, especially certain types cancers, thanks also to introduction new concepts such as liquid biopsies precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest application alternative noninvasive methodologies search biomarkers. frontiers lead RNA molecules circulating body fluids. Searching biomarkers extracellular fluids represents better option patients because they are easier access, less painful, potentially more economical. Moreover, possibility these samples be taken repeatedly, allows monitoring disease progression or treatment efficacy intervention dynamic patient, which fundamental basis personalized molecules, freely packed microvesicles, all characteristics ideal owing their high stability under storage handling conditions being able sampled several times monitoring. demonstrated many plasma/serum levels mirror those primary tumor. There large variety species noncoding proteins that could used biopsies. Among them, most studied microRNAs, but recently attention researcher directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular other small RNAs. Another class species, long larger than microRNAs very versatile promising group which, apart from use biomarkers, possible therapeutic role. review, we will give overview common detectable provide update concerning situation on

Language: Английский

---

Circular RNAs and gastrointestinal cancers: Epigenetic regulators with a prognostic and therapeutic role

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 102854 - 102854

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute new class of noncoding (ncRNAs) with covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, aberrantly CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, blood from patients CRC. Moreover, numerous identified either oncogenes or suppressors mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis chemoradiation resistance Although the regulatory mechanisms circRNA biogenesis functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results obtained studies investigating In particular, expression comprehensively modulated by factors, such splicing transcription specific enzymes cis-acting elements. More importantly, exert pivotal effects through various mechanisms, acting miRNA sponges decoys, interacting RNA binding proteins, even translating functional peptides. Finally, may serve promising diagnostic prognostic biomarkers potential therapeutic targets clinical practice this review, we discuss dysregulation, significance further molecular which their how regulated. hope to reveal initiation progression highlight future perspectives strategies targeting research.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamic liquid biopsy components as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1)

Published: March 15, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring CRC depends largely on tissue biopsy. However, due to tumor heterogeneity limitations such as invasiveness, high cost limited applicability in longitudinal monitoring, liquid biopsy has gathered immense attention CRC. Liquid several advantages over including ease sampling, effective assessment treatment dynamics. Furthermore, importance signified by approval assays regulatory bodies indicating powerful approach for comprehensive screening, diagnostic prognostics. Several biomarkers novel components microbiome, non-coding RNAs, extracellular vesicles circulating DNA are extensively being researched their role management. Majority these have shown promising results clinical application early detection, observe response, prediction metastases relapse detection minimal residual disease. Therefore, this review, we aim provide updated information various markers a) oral microbiota related bacterial network b) gut microbiome-associated serum metabolites c) PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), microRNA(miRNAs), Long (lncRNAs), circular (circRNAs) d) DNAs (ctDNA) cells (CTC) disease prognosis, personalized management

Language: Английский

---

Circular RNAs in Cancer – Lessons Learned From microRNAs

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 28, 2018

Circular RNAs (circRNA) are RNA molecules built from fragments of linear pre-messenger and other species through a process termed "back-splicing" in which the 3' 5' ends joined together giving rise to covalently uninterrupted loop. circRNAs not new members world; they were first discovered early 1990s. The novelty is their abundance mammalian cells, as recently thousands annotated. biogenesis partially characterized process, regulated by three different mechanisms: exon skipping, intron pairing, RNA-binding proteins. On hand, function remains largely unknown only handful singular reports describe detail biological roles some circular transcripts. In very short period time, numerous associated with various cancer types also identified bodily fluids potential being disease-specific biomarkers. this review, we briefly present transcripts that more than once reported literature be cancer. Finally, point out difficulties encountered study cancer, consider taking these into account could accelerate improve our understanding biologic translational use human diseases.

Language: Английский

---