Microplastics and tetracycline affecting apoptosis, enzyme activities and metabolism processes in the Aurelia aurita polyps: insights into combined pollutant effects

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 14, 2025

Introduction Microplastics (MPs) and tetracycline (TC) are pervasive contaminants in marine ecosystems, yet their combined effects on benthic organisms, such as Aurelia aurita polyps, remain poorly understood. This study investigates the mechanisms of cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, metabolic responses induced by single exposures to MPs TC. Methods Three experimental phases were conducted: (1) A 7-day exposure (1 mg/L) TC (5 assess apoptosis via TUNEL assay; (2) Short-term high-concentration (MPs: 10 mg/L, TC: 5 for 72 hours, followed a 288-hour recovery period, with antioxidant indicators (CAT, GSH, SOD, MDA, etc.) measured at intervals; (3) Long-term (185 days) environmentally relevant concentrations (0–1 (0–5 mg/L), metabolomic profiling LC-MS pathway analysis. Polyp cultures maintained under controlled conditions, statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA multivariate models (PCA, OPLS-DA). Results The assay revealed significantly higher rates MPs+TC group compared controls or single-pollutant groups ( P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity tests indicated persistent damage even after 288 hours recovery. Metabolomics identified distinct physiological strategies TC, altered pathways (e.g., ABC transporters, protein digestion) disrupted metabolites (antioxidants, neurotransmitters). Notably, exhibited non-linear toxicity, high not consistently exacerbating harm. Discussion Combined synergistic stress elevating causing irreversible sustained T-AOC decline, MDA accumulation). paradoxically mitigated co-exposure groups, likely antibacterial effects. arachidonic acid) neurotransmitter levels, impairing resilience intercellular communication. also retinoic acid indole derivatives, potentially interfering life-history transitions. While A. tolerance, underscores risks less resilient species. These findings highlight need address cumulative ecological impacts pollutants through enhanced regulation mechanistic studies.

Language: Английский

---

Passing the Parcels: Intercellular Nanoplastics Transfer in Mussels Perna viridis with Activated Immunomodulation

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Nanoplastics (NPs) are generally considered to have a defined intracellular fate, being difficult excrete or transport due their stability. This study provides the first evidence of NPs intercellular transfer in hemocytes green mussels (Perna viridis), which subsequently activated immunomodulation process. were predominantly internalized by granulocytes, with portion translocated and deposited lysosomes, whereas those retained endosomes transferred new (mainly granulocytes). The direction was driven NP concentration gradients. Transfer kinetics size-dependent, smaller-sized exhibiting greater potential but lower rate, primarily specific extracellular vesicle-mediated pathway. Tunneling nanotubes provided most efficient pathway for NPs, as continuous membrane structure allowed direct substance exchange. Crucially, redistribution accompanied gradient-driven mitochondria injured hemocytes. process alleviated stress on overburdened regulated reactive oxygen species production, enhancing phagocytic activity promoting immune responses. These findings underscore that exhibit far more active behavior system than previously understood provide insights into how cells maintain health marine organisms face challenges.

Language: Английский

---

From Cradle to Grave: Microplastics—A Dangerous Legacy for Future Generations

Environments, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 263 - 263

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Microplastics have become a ubiquitous pollutant that permeates every aspect of our environment—from the oceans to soil elementary foundations human life. New findings demonstrate microplastic particles not only pose latent threat adult populations, but also play serious role even before birth during fetal stages development. Exposure microplastics early childhood is another source risk almost impossible prevent. This comprehensive review examines multiple aspects associated with development, detailing mechanisms by which these enter body, their bioaccumulation in tissues throughout life and inevitable re-entry into different ecosystems after death.

Language: Английский

---

Microplastic and Extracellular Vesicle Interactions: Recent Studies on Human Health and Environment Risks

Biophysica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 724 - 746

Published: Dec. 21, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are widespread environmental pollutants that have drawn significant attention due to their possible health risks humans and animals, as well extensive presence in ecosystems. Recent growing evidence highlights a remarkable relationship between MPs extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale particles involved intercellular communication. The purpose of this review was investigate how the relationships EVs can affect cellular functions interaction could impact conditions leading broader ecological risks. patterns bioactivity both strongly influenced by biophysical characteristics such hydrophobicity, surface charge, particle size, which received particular from scientific community. studies indicate EV distribution capacity function appropriately biological systems. Additionally, modify molecular cargo EVs, may result alterations cell signaling pathways. Understanding interactions provide important opportunities comprehend potential effects on human systems, especially when it comes cancer development, endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory disorders, disruptions. This emphasizes necessity multidisciplinary research clarify mechanisms regulating EVs.

Language: Английский

---