Essential Hypertension and Oxidative Stress: Novel Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(22), P. 14489 - 14489

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is one of the main risk factors predisposing to fatal complications. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been identified as potentially responsible for development endothelial damage vascular stiffness, two primum movens diseases. Based on these data, we conducted an open-label randomized study, first, evaluate stiffness in hypertense patients; second, test effect supplementation with a physiological antioxidant (melatonin 1 mg/day year) patients essential vs. hypertensive controls. Twenty-three either gender were enrolled 1:1 groups (control supplemented group). The plasmatic total capacity (as marker oxidative stress), blood pressure, arterial peripheral function evaluated at beginning study after year both groups. Our results showed that improved significantly (p = 0.022) patients. increased too, even if not 0.688), melatonin administration. Moreover, group significative reduction TAC levels 0.041) correlated improvement stiffness. These data suggest may play important role reducing serum and, consequently, improving

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cells under Metabolic Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1341 - 1341

Published: May 8, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical intermediates that serve as important second messengers in signal transduction. However, when the accumulation of these molecules exceeds buffering capacity antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction occur. EC shifts vascular system into a pro-coagulative, proinflammatory state, thereby increasing risk developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases metabolic disorders. Studies have turned to investigation microRNA treatment for CV factors, post-transcription regulators known co-regulate ROS. In this review, we will discuss ROS pathways generation, normal physiology ROS-induced dysfunction, current knowledge common disorders their connection stress. Therapeutic strategies based on microRNAs response microRNA’s regulatory roles controlling also be explored. It is gain an in-depth comprehension mechanisms generating how manipulating enzymatic byproducts can protect function from prevent development

Language: Английский

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Exosomes of endothelial progenitor cells repair injured vascular endothelial cells through the Bcl2/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-Exo) on neointimal formation induced by balloon injury in rats. Furthermore, aims investigate potential EPC-Exo promote proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptotic effects vascular (VECs) vitro. underlying mechanisms responsible for these observed will also be thoroughly explored analyzed. Endothelial (EPCs) was isolated aseptically Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats cultured complete medium. were then identified using immunofluorescence flow cytometry. confirmed identities western-blot, transmission electron microscope, nanoparticle analysis. rat carotid artery (BI) detected hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western-blot qPCR. LPS used establish an oxidative damage model VECs. mechanism repairing injured measuring tube function VECs, actin cytoskeleton TUNEL In vivo, exhibit inhibitory neointima following reduce levels inflammatory factors, including TNF-α IL-6. Additionally, downregulate expression adhesion molecules wall. Notably, can adhere area, promoting enhanced inhibiting hyperplasia Moreover, they regulate proteins genes associated with apoptosis, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated x (Bax), Caspase-3. vitro, experiments further that treatment significantly enhances effectively attenuate lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced apoptosis VECs Bcl2/Bax/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. This demonstrates EPCs have ability inhibit excessive intimal after BI, repair area injury, enhance function. involves suppression inflammation effects. fundamental effect regulation

Language: Английский

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Association Between Cardiovascular Health and Retinopathy in US Adults: From NHANES 2005-2008

American Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 56 - 67

Published: May 17, 2024

Investigating the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) and retinopathy in adult population of United States.

Language: Английский

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Association of remnant cholesterol with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and their coexistence: the mediating role of inflammation-related indicators

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Abstract Purpose Cholesterol metabolism is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and recent studies have shown that cholesterol poses residual of disease even when conventional lipid factors are in the optimal range. The association between remnant (RC) has been demonstrated; however, its with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), concomitance two diseases requires further study. This study aimed to evaluate RC T2DM, both large sample U.S. population, explore potential mechanisms involved. Methods cross-sectional used data from 2005—2018 cycles National Health Nutrition Examination Survey ( N = 17,749). Univariable multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed relationships comorbidities. A restricted cubic spline model was reveal dose effect. Mediation mediating roles inflammation-related indicators these associations. Results Of 17,749 participants included (mean [SD] age: 41.57 [0.23] years; women: 8983 (50.6%), men: 8766 (49.4%)), prevalence their co-occurrence 32.6%, 16.1%, 11.0%, respectively. Higher concentrations associated an increased (adjusted odds ratios per unit increase 1.068, 2.259, 2.362, 95% confidence intervals 1.063–1.073, 1.797–2.838, 1.834–3.041, respectively), linear dose–response relationship. Even lipids present at normal levels, positive associations observed. Inflammation-related (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils) partially mediated Among these, leukocytes had greatest effect (10.8%, 14.5%, 14.0%, respectively). Conclusion results this provide evidence co-occurrence, possibly by inflammatory response.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Protection with a Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide: An Experimental Update

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 1369 - 1369

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Angiotensin II (Ang II), a peptide hormone generated as part of the renin–angiotensin system, has been implicated in pathophysiology many cardiovascular diseases such peripheral artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, coronary disease and other conditions. Liraglutide, known an incretin mimetic, is one glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, proven to be effective treatment disorders beyond adequate glycemic control. The objective this review compile our recent experimental outcomes-based studies, provide overview protection from liraglutide against Ang II- pressure overload-mediated deleterious effects on heart. In particular, mechanisms action underlying inhibition oxidative stress, vascular endothelial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy failure with are addressed. Thus, we support notion that continues useful add-on therapy for management diseases.

Language: Английский

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Endocan as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hypertension Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(10), P. 2388 - 2399

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing: A review from VascAgeNet

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 102122 - 102122

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

Vascular ageing, characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels of which arterial stiffness endothelial dysfunction are key components, is associated with increased risk cardiovascular other age-related diseases. As the global population continues to age, understanding underlying mechanisms developing effective therapeutic interventions mitigate vascular ageing becomes crucial for improving health outcomes. Therefore, this review provides an overview current knowledge on pharmacological modulation highlighting strategies promising targets. Several molecular pathways have been identified as central players including oxidative stress inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cellular senescence, macroautophagy, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, gasotransmitter-related signalling. Pharmacological dietary targeting these shown potential ameliorating changes. Nevertheless, development application drugs complicated various inherent challenges limitations, such certain preclinical methodological considerations, interactions exercise training sex/gender-related differences, should be taken into account. Overall, hallmarks holds great promise population. Nonetheless, further research needed fully elucidate optimize efficacy safety clinical translation.

Language: Английский

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Vascular Inflammation and Smooth Muscle Contractility: The Role of Nox1-Derived Superoxide and LRRC8 Anion Channels

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(4), P. 752 - 763

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Vascular inflammation underlies the development of hypertension, and mechanisms by which it increases blood pressure remain topic intense investigation. Proinflammatory factors including glucose, salt, vasoconstrictors, cytokines, wall stress, growth enhance contractility impair relaxation vascular smooth muscle cells. These pathways share a dependence upon redox signaling, excessive activation promotes oxidative stress that aging. cell phenotypic switching migration into intima contribute to atherosclerosis, while hypercontractility systemic resistance vasospasm can trigger ischemia. Here, we review drive initiation progression this vasculopathy in Emphasis is placed on contribution reactive oxygen species generated Nox1 NADPH oxidase produces extracellular superoxide (O 2 •− ). The O signaling poorly defined, but recent evidence demonstrates physical association with leucine-rich repeat containing 8 family volume-sensitive anion channels. may provide pathway for influx cytoplasm, creating an oxidized cytoplasmic nanodomain where redox-based signals affect both cytoskeletal structure vasomotor function. Understanding mechanistic links between inflammation, facilitate targeting anti-inflammatory therapy hypertension.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Enigma of Aortic Dissection: From Genetics to Innovative Therapies

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2024

Aortic dissection (AD) presents a critical medical emergency characterized by tear in the aortic wall, necessitating prompt recognition and management to mitigate catastrophic complications. Despite advancements technology therapeutic interventions, AD remains formidable challenge, often resulting severe morbidity mortality. This narrative review provides comprehensive overview of AD, encompassing its clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, strategies, while also exploring emerging trends innovations management. Genetic predispositions significantly influence pathogenesis, with over 30 contributory genes identified, emphasizing importance genetic screening counseling. Classification systems such as Stanford DeBakey, alongside their revised counterparts, aid categorizing guiding treatment decisions. Advancements imaging, including transesophageal echocardiography computed tomography angiography, have enhanced precision, augmented artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms. Pharmacological focus on optimizing therapy, surgical endovascular approaches offer minimally invasive options. Hybrid procedures valve-sparing techniques broaden avenues, bioresorbable stent grafts hold promise for tissue regeneration. Collaborative efforts ongoing research are essential address remaining challenges improve outcomes managing AD. contributes understanding AD's complexity facilitates informed decision-making practice, underscoring imperative continued innovation

Language: Английский

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