Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
Abstract
The
use
of
oncolytic
viruses
as
a
gene
therapy
vector
is
an
area
active
biomedical
research,
particularly
in
the
context
cancer
treatment.
However,
actual
therapeutic
success
this
approach
to
tumor
elimination
remains
limited.
As
such,
present
study
was
developed
with
goal
simultaneously
enhancing
antitumor
efficacy
and
local
immune
response
by
combining
Ad-GD55
adenovirus
antibody
specific
for
TIM-3
checkpoint
molecule
(α-TIM-3).
resultant
Ad-GD55-α-Tim-3
capable
inducing
α-TIM-3
expression
within
hepatoma
cells
upon
infection,
exhibited
inhibitory
superior
that
when
used
treat
these
together
induction
enhanced
intracellular
immunity.
In
vivo
experiments
revealed
Ad-GD55-α-TIM-3
administration
sufficient
inhibit
growth
engage
more
robust
simulated
microenvironment.
may
represent
viable
treatment
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
167, P. 115514 - 115514
Published: Sept. 15, 2023
Programmed
cell
death
protein-1
(PD-1),
also
called
CD279,
is
coded
by
the
PDCD1
gene
and
constitutively
expressed
on
surface
of
immune
cells.
As
a
receptor
checkpoint,
PD-1
can
bind
to
programmed
ligand-1/programmed
ligand-2
(PD-L1/PD-L2)
in
tumor
cells,
leading
evasion.
Anti-PD-1
anti-PD-L1
are
important
components
therapy.
as
an
intrinsic
variant
(iPD-1)
cancer
cells
where
it
plays
roles
malignant
progression
proposed
recent
studies.
However,
iPD-1
has
received
much
less
attention
compared
although
there
unmet
medical
need
for
fully
elucidating
mechanisms
actions
achieve
best
response
immunotherapy.
suppresses
tumorigenesis
non-small
lung
(NSCLC)
colon
cancer,
whereas
promotes
melanoma,
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
pancreatic
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC),
thyroid
(TC),
glioblastoma
(GBM),
triple-negative
breast
(TNBC).
In
this
review,
we
focus
role
development
its
molecular
mechanisms.
We
deeply
discuss
nivolumab-based
combined
therapy
common
may
explain
different
therapeutic
effects
anti-PD-1
treatment
provide
critical
information
use
anti-tumor
approaches.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Adverse
cardiovascular
events
are
emerging
with
the
use
of
immune
checkpoint
therapies
in
oncology.
Using
datasets
Trans-Omics
for
Precision
Medicine
program
(Multi-Ethnic
Study
Atherosclerosis,
Jackson
Heart
[JHS],
and
Framingham
Study),
we
examined
association
plasma
proteins
each
other,
their
associated
protein
network
high-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(HDL-C)
low-density
(LDL-C),
HDL-C-
LDL-C-associated
networks
all-cause
mortality
risk.
Plasma
levels
LAG3
HAVCR2
showed
statistically
significant
associations
Colocalization
analysis
using
genome
wide-association
studies
HDL-C
or
LDL-C
quantitative
trait
loci
from
JHS
Atherosclerosis
Risk
Communities
identified
TFF3
rs60467699
CD36
rs3211938
variants
as
significantly
colocalized
HDL-C;
contrast,
none
LDL-C.
The
measurement
LAG3,
HAVCR2,
plus
targeted
genotyping
may
identify
patients
at
increased
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(22)
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Abstract
T
cell
transmembrane,
Immunoglobulin,
and
Mucin
(TIM)
are
important
immune
system
proteins
which
especially
present
in
T‐cells
regulated
the
by
sensing
engulfment
apoptotic
processes.
Their
role
is
exerted
capacity
to
detect
presence
of
phosphatidyl–serine
lipid
polar
head
outer
leaflet
cellular
membranes
(correlated
with
apoptosis).
In
this
contribution
using
equilibrium
enhanced
sampling
molecular
dynamics
simulation
we
unravel
bases
thermodynamics
TIM,
particular
TIM‐3,
interaction
phosphatidyl
serine
a
bilayer.
Since
TIM‐3
deregulation
an
factor
pro‐oncogenic
tumor
micro‐environment
understanding
its
functioning
at
level
may
pave
way
development
original
immunotherapeutic
approaches.
Medical Immunology (Russia),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
27(1), P. 21 - 34
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Immune
checkpoints
(ICs)
represent
a
broad
set
of
stimulatory
and
inhibitory
signaling
pathways
playing
an
important
role
in
regulation
immune
responses.
Initially,
ICs
have
been
considered
solely
as
cell
membrane-bound
receptor
ligand
systems,
triggering
or
blocking
function.
Over
the
past
decade
they
proven
to
exist
soluble
forms
(sICs).
sICs
are
biologically
active
regulators
involved
paracrine
systemic
modulation
responses,
similar
cytokines.
Normally,
exert
both
effects
on
system,
their
balance
may
be
disturbed
many
malignant
neoplasms,
COVID-19,
HIV
infection.
There
is
lot
data
connection
between
various
diseases,
but
number
key
aspects
biology
not
fully
clarified.
The
most
widely
studied
PD-1
(programmed
death
receptor-1)
its
ligands
PD-L1
PD-L2,
CTLA-4
(cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte
antigen-4),
TIM-3
(T
immunoglobulin
mucin-domain
containing-3),
VISTA
(V-domain
Ig-containing
suppressor
activation).
mechanisms
form
formation
complex
diverse
include
alternative
splicing,
cleavage
membrane
ectodomains,
proteolytic
cleavage.
molecular
underlying
synthesis
release
sPD-1
sPD-L1
splicing
mRNA
translation
isoforms
lacking
transmembrane
domains,
while
sTIM-3
occurs
by
cleaving
extracellular
regions
proteins
protease
ADAM10.
review
article
provides
main
sICs,
including
sPD-1,
sPD-L1,
exosomal
sCTLA-4,
several
others.
formation,
biological
functions
maintaining
homeostasis,
prognostic
significance
changes
content
described
patients
with
solid
tumors
(nonsmall
lung
cancer,
hepatocellular
breast
kidney
skin
gastric
etc.),
well
for
hematologic
malignancies
(lymphoma,
chronic
lymphocytic
leukemia,
acute
myeloblastic
multiple
myeloma).
Journal of Clinical Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(3)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
occurring
following
allogeneic
stem
cell
transplantation
(aSCT)
is
a
very
rare
condition.
The
underlying
pathogenesis
needs
to
be
better
defined.
There
currently
no
systematic
effort
exclude
loss-
or
gain-of-function
mutations
in
immune-related
genes
donors.
This
despite
the
fact
that
more
than
100
inborn
errors
of
immunity
may
cause
contribute
IBD.
We
have
molecularly
characterized
patient
who
developed
fulminant
inflammatory
aSCT
with
stable
100%
donor-derived
hematopoiesis.
A
pathogenic
c.A291G;
p.I97M
HAVCR2
mutation
encoding
immune
checkpoint
protein
TIM-3
was
identified
patient's
blood-derived
DNA,
while
being
absent
DNA
derived
from
skin.
expression
much
decreased
serum,
and
vitro-activated
patient-derived
T
cells
expressed
reduced
levels.
In
contrast,
cell-intrinsic
CD25
production
cytokines
were
preserved.
barely
detectable
intestinal
mucosa,
detected
unambiguously
inflamed
non-inflamed
colon
unrelated
individuals.
conclusion,
we
report
first
case
acquired,
"transplanted"
insufficiency
regulatory
linked
post-aSCT