Impact of antiviral prophylaxis on EBV viremia and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Organ transplant recipients face a substantial risk of developing posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). In over 90% cases with B‐cell PTLD following solid organ transplantation, the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genome is promptly identified, usually within initial year. A continuing discussion revolves around efficacy antiviral prophylaxis in mitigating incidence (SOT) patients. This study aimed to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis investigate this issue. comprehensive search was conducted up December 31, 2023, databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library for retrospective prospective studies comparing effects on EVB viremia SOT recipients. Fixed or random effect models were applied based heterogeneity assessed via I2 statistic, using Stata 16.0 software data analysis. total, 22 eligible involving 13,498 patients analyzed. Antiviral associated significant reduction EBV recipients, as demonstrated 10 (relative (RR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 0.88). The rate significantly lower among those who received compared did not, reported 18 (RR 0.77, 0.63 0.94). No difference observed subgroup high-risk serology 1.13, 0.72 1.78). Additionally, notable seen pediatric 0.58, 0.43 0.79) prophylaxis, while no differences adults 0.88, 0.64 1.21). Administration can reduce kidney 0.63, 0.46 0.87) heart 0.61, 0.39 0.96). reduced T-cell depletion steroid-based immunosuppression 0.54, 0.39–0.74 RR 0.55, 0.41–0.73, respectively). revealed that administering after transplantation reduces occurrences, especially individuals undergoing receiving high-intensity regimens.

Language: Английский

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Environmental factors in gastric carcinogenesis and preventive intervention strategies

Genes and Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Gastric cancer, a significant global health concern, arises from complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is major risk factor that can be mitigated through eradication strategies. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes distinct subtype gastric cancer called EBV-associated cancer. The microbiome, dynamic ecosystem, also involved in carcinogenesis, particularly dysbiosis specific bacterial species such as Streptococcus anginosus. Long-term use proton pump inhibitors potassium-competitive acid blockers increases the whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including aspirin may have protective effect. Smoking significantly risk, cessation reduce it. Dietary factors high intake salt, processed meats, red meat increase diet rich fruits vegetables protective. Extracellular vesicles, which are small membrane-bound structures released by cells, modulate tumor microenvironment serve biomarkers for stratification therapeutic targets This review highlights multifaceted etiology its emphasizes importance multi-pronged approach to prevention H. modification lifestyle factors, well potential microbiome-based EV-based interventions. Further research needed refine develop personalized

Language: Английский

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Diverse potential of chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered cell therapy: Beyond cancer

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Delving deeper into the pathogenesis and genomics of posttransplant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

HemaSphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a well‐known complication of solid organ transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma subtype (PT‐DLBCL) is the most frequent monomorphic PTLD associated with poor prognosis. Transplant recipients have an increased risk abnormal proliferation lymphoid cells because diminished immune surveillance. In about 60% cases, Epstein–Barr virus infection seems to contribute cancer phenotype. Although clinical research interest in disorder has during last two decades, pathology disease remains largely elusive. this review, we summarize current knowledge PT‐DLBCL pathogenesis, discuss how better understanding can lead improved diagnostics therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Genetic and immunological features of immune deficiency and dysregulation‐associated lymphoproliferations and lymphomas as a basis for classification

Histopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

Immune deficiency and dysregulation‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders lymphomas (IDD‐LPDs) encompass a heterogeneous clinical pathological spectrum of that range from indolent lymphoproliferations to aggressive lymphomas. They arise in variety settings are associated with oncogenic viruses such as the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus/human herpes (KSHV/HHV8) some, but not all, cases. The recognition IDD‐LPDs distinct LPDs immune competent patients is essential tailor management options for affected patients. 5th edition World Health Organisation classification has introduced an integrated goal standardising diagnoses among different enhance decision support. In parallel, new knowledge field, particularly surrounding role tumour microenvironment, led clearer understanding complex pathogenesis how these features can be precisely harnessed therapeutic purposes. this perspective, we highlight need multidisciplinary decision‐making augment patient care well key areas where evolving concepts offer challenges opportunities management, research future iterations classification.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Epstein–Barr virus infection

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for a spectrum of human diseases and demonstrates considerable prevalence among various populations. Advances in molecular epidemiological research have enhanced our comprehension EBV-related pathologies. In this study, objective was to examine the profile clinical features EBV infection Chongqing, China. We enrolled patients suspected who were admitted First Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University between May 2013 November 2022. Inclusion criteria based on those underwent EBV-specific immunofluorescence or plasma EBV-DNA testing. Among 13 584 inpatients, overall seropositivity rates EBNA-1-IgG, EBV-VCA-IgM, EBV-EA-IgG, EBV-EA-IgA, EBV-VCA-IgA, 91.89%, 7.22%, 18.00%, 16.19%, 30.78%, respectively. rate EBNA-1-IgG steadily increased with age. VCA-IgM, an indicator acute infection, highest aged 11-20 years at 26.41%, decreasing 2%-6% older patients. Additionally, 205 outpatients, positivity 14.15%. 3670 individuals from health check-up centers, EBV-EA-IgA EBV-VCA-IgA 11.96% 28.09%, respectively, 11.92%, all which lower than inpatients. 762 positive adults 31-40 least affected, 12.00%, most common associated primary infectious mononucleosis (IM) (35.49%), followed by (14.15%) pneumonia (7.19%). reactivation (16.80%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (11.02%), autoimmune (7.04%). Patients hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) had viral load, significantly higher NPC, pneumonia, liver cirrhosis. This large-scale retrospective study explores characteristics disease across age groups. findings contribute improvement diagnostic management strategies infection.

Language: Английский

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Cancer mortality among solid organ transplantation recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 108161 - 108161

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia Skews Therapeutic WT1-specific CD8 TCR-T Cells Towards an NK-like Phenotype that Compromises Function and Persistence

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is relapsed and/or refractory post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) usually fatal. In a prior study, we demonstrated AML relapse in high-risk patients was prevented by post-HCT immunotherapy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific donor CD8 + T cells engineered to express high-affinity Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 (WT1)-specific T-cell receptor (TTCR- C4). However, the present infusion of EBV- or Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific TCR-C4 did not clearly improve outcomes fifteen active disease post-HCT. TCRC4-transduced EBV-specific persisted longer post-transfer than CMV-specific cells. Persisting skewed towards dysfunctional natural killer-like terminal differentiation, distinct from dominant exhaustion programs reported for therapies targeting solid tumors. one patient post-HCT, sustained effector-memory profile correlated long-term persistence and control. These findings reveal complex mechanisms underlying AML-induced dysfunction, informing future therapeutic strategies addressing relapse.

Language: Английский

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