Autoimmunity, New Potential Biomarkers and the Thyroid Gland—The Perspective of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Its Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4703 - 4703

Published: April 26, 2024

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organic specific illness of gland. It may manifest as overproduction or decline thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Hyperthyroidism develops due to hormones an answer presence stimulatory antibodies against TSH receptor. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) generally characterized by peroxidase thyroglobulin antibodies, with a concomitant infiltration lymphocytes in thyroid. Due progressive destruction cells, AITD can lead subclinical overt hypothyroidism. Pathophysiology extremely complicated still not fully understood, genetic, environmental epigenetic factors involved its development. increasing incidence social awareness this pathology, there urgent need expand background concerning AITD. A growing body evidence suggests possible ways treatment apart from traditional approaches. Simultaneously, role potential new biomarkers diagnosis monitoring has been highlighted recently, too. Therefore, we decided review therapeutic trends course based on pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly focusing HT. Another aim was summarize state knowledge regarding condition.

Language: Английский

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Identification of BTK as an immune-related biomarker for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by integrated bioinformatic analysis

BMC Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders characterized by diffuse enlargement thyroid gland, lymphocyte infiltration, and thyroid-specific autoantibodies. Cellular humoral immune have been implicated in development HT. However, little known regarding role immune-related molecules This study was aimed to identify key biomarkers HT using bioinformatic analysis. Integration sequencing data from normal control (NC) GSA GTEx databases yielded a dataset named NGS. The GSE138198 GEO database downloaded as validation set. WGCNA analysis performed modules associated with Lasso regression (LASSO) random forest (RF) were determine potential diagnostic biomarkers. value assessed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve CIBERSORT algorithm used evaluate infiltration cells NC samples. transcript levels verified genes expanded samples detected quantitative real-time PCR. A total 1,401 differentially expressed (DEGs) identified patients. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that these DEGs predominantly enriched pathways. Furthermore, 192 through intersection modules, DEGs, IRGs. Among them, two upregulated ((Bruton's tyrosine kinase, BTK) CD19) showed for machine learning. ROC revealed BTK had higher than CD19 across datasets. Intriguingly, only expression peripheral blood mononuclear patients, significantly positively correlated serum Further studies confirmed significant positive correlation between increased proportions plasma which might be involved pathogenesis regulating represented biomarker

Language: Английский

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Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its ultrasonic diagnosis and management

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 348 - 360

Published: March 15, 2024

As a common hyperglycemic disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is complicated disorder that requires lifelong insulin supply due to the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells. Although it an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, T1DM often associated with multiple other disorders. The most prevalent concomitant occurring in thyroid disease (AITD), which mainly exhibits two extremes phenotypes: hyperthyroidism [Graves' (GD)] and hypo-thyroidism [Hashimoto's thyroiditis, (HT)]. However, presence comorbid AITD may negatively affect metabolic management patients thereby increase risk for potential diabetes-related complications. Thus, routine screening function has been recommended when diagnosed. Here, first, we summarize current knowledge regarding etiology pathogenesis mechanisms both diseases. Subsequently, updated review association between offered. Finally, provide relatively detailed focusing on application ultrasonography diagnosing managing HT GD, suggesting its critical role timely accurate diagnosis T1DM.

Language: Английский

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A novel meta learning based stacked approach for diagnosis of thyroid syndrome

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. e0312313 - e0312313

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Thyroid syndrome, a complex endocrine disorder, involves the dysregulation of thyroid gland, impacting vital physiological functions. Common causes include autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, and genetic predispositions. The effects syndrome extend beyond itself, affecting metabolism, energy levels, overall well-being. is associated with severe cases dysfunction, highlighting potentially life-threatening consequences untreated or inadequately managed disorders. This research aims to propose an advanced meta-learning approach for timely detection syndrome. We used standard thyroid-balanced dataset containing 7,000 patient records apply machine-learning methods. proposed novel model based on unique stack K-Neighbors (KN) Random Forest (RF) models. Then, Logistic Regression (LR) built collective experience stacked For first time, KRL (KN-RF-LR) method employed effective diagnosis Extensive experiments illustrated that outperformed state-of-the-art approaches, achieving impressive performance accuracy 98%. vindicated scores through k-fold cross-validation enhanced using hyperparameter tuning. Our revolutionized contributing enhancement human life by reducing mortality rates.

Language: Английский

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Clinical and molecular impact of concurrent thyroid autoimmune disease and thyroid cancer: From the bench to bedside

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 5 - 17

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Roles of microRNA-192 in diabetic nephropathy: the clinical applications and mechanisms of action

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 15, 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and intractable microvascular complications diabetes worldwide, serving as main cause terminal renal disease. Due to lack early specific symptoms diagnostic markers, DN severely threatens sufferer’s life. MicroRNA-192 (miR-192) was identified in human cortical tissue stored excreted urine microvesicles. MiR-192 found be involved development DN. For first time, present review summarized all current evidence on topic roles miR-192 Finally, 28 studies (ten clinical trials eighteen experimental studies) were eligible for thorough reviewing. Most (7/10, 70%) indicated might a protective factor progression, while majority (14/18, 78%) suggested pathogenic Mechanistically, interacts with various direct targeted proteins (i.e., ZEB1, ZEB2, SIP1, GLP1R, Egr1) signaling cascades SMAD/TGF-β PTEN/PI3K/AKT), together contribute pathogenesis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix deposition, fibrosis formation. The highlights dual role Low serum expression could applied prediction (the stage DN), high level tissues may imply progression late DN). Further investigations are still warranted illustrate this inconsistent phenomenon, which facilitate promoting therapeutic applications predicting treating

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of dysregulated microRNAs in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84(3), P. 800 - 811

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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CD34+ orbital fibroblasts contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease via miR-182-5p

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Abstract Context CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (OFs) play a pathogenic role in thyroid eye disease (TED). Several micro (mi)RNAs have been shown to promote TED progression. Objective This study aims explore the regulatory effects of miRNAs on OFs and find potential therapeutic targets. Methods In this case-control study, connective tissues (OCTs) were obtained from 25 patients 24 healthy donors. MiRNA-seq was performed examine differential expression OCTs, miR-182-5p selected for subsequent experiments. MiR-182-5p detected both CD34− OFs. The upstream regulators studied. Downstream targets analyzed. functionality evaluated. Results highly expressed OCTs their derived displayed increased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, CD34, phosphorylated STAT3 at Ser727 Tyr705. Activation IL-6/STAT3 signaling promoted enhanced wound repair ability, proliferation, RANTES while inhibiting apoptosis transfected with susceptible TGF-β-initiated myofibroblast differentiation. Luciferase reporter pull-down assays revealed Smad7 as downstream target miR-182-5p, which modulated migration, fibrosis, Conclusion IL-6/STAT3/miR-182-5p pathway led activation anti-apoptosis via targeting Smad7. Our findings suggest that may potentially serve TED.

Language: Английский

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miR-101-3p suppresses proliferation of orbital fibroblasts by targeting pentraxin-3 in thyroid eye disease

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e18535 - e18535

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Background Excessive proliferation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) is an essential factor in the pathogenesis thyroid eye disease (TED). While existing evidence indicates that various microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly contribute to TED development, precise function and targets miR-101-3p remain unknown. This research aims elucidate effects on TED-OFs identify its potential targets. Methods Orbital adipose tissues were harvested from both patients healthy controls culture their fibroblasts. MiR-101-3p mimic or negative control (mimic NC) was transfected into OFs patients, with untreated serving as additional blank group. Cell assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining, EdU while apoptosis evaluated via flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) employed measure expression levels pentraxin-3 (PTX3), PTX3 protein quantified western blot. A dual-luciferase assay conducted ascertain how interacted. Results The results demonstrated a significant downregulation tissues. Transfection upregulated levels, reducing without affecting apoptosis. Overexpression led OFs. validated binding PTX3’s 3’UTR, thereby repressing expression. Moreover, overexpression partially rescued mimic’s inhibitory effect proliferation. Conclusion Our findings illustrate miR-101-3p’s role targeting regulate proliferation, providing novel insights pathological mechanisms underlying development.

Language: Английский

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A novel microRNA promotes coxsackievirus B4 infection of pancreatic β cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

The epidemiological association of coxsackievirus B infection with type 1 diabetes suggests that therapeutic strategies reduce viral load could delay or prevent disease onset. Moreover, recent studies suggest treatment antiviral agents against may help preserve insulin levels in diabetic patients. In the current study, we performed small RNA-sequencing to show immortalized trophoblast cells caused differential regulation several miRNAs. One these, hsa-miR-AMC1, was similarly upregulated human pancreatic β infected B4. non-cytotoxic concentrations an antagomir targets hsa-miR-AMC1 led decreased CVB4 infection, suggesting a positive feedback loop wherein this microRNA further promotes infection. Interestingly, some predicted target genes are shared hsa-miR-184, is known suppress regulate production cells. Consistently, B4-infected associated trend toward increased production. Taken together, our findings implicate novel as potential early biomarker B4-induced and inhibiting provide benefit Our also support use model for identifying microRNAs might be useful diagnostic markers B-induced diabetes.

Language: Английский

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