Nanomaterials as Microglia Modulators in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12)

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Abstract Microglia play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, acting as housekeepers and defenders of surrounding environment. These cells can elicit their functions by shifting into two main phenotypes: pro‐inflammatory classical phenotype, M1, anti‐inflammatory alternative M2. Despite CNS microglia phenotypes influence development progression several disorders such Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, even cancer. It is thus clear that possibility modulating activation has gained attention therapeutic tool against many pathologies. Nanomaterials are an unprecedented for manipulating responses, particular, to specifically target situ immunomodulation activity. This review focuses discussion on aspects: analyzing using nanomaterials stimulate response cancer introducing nanostructures able foster treating neurodegenerative disorders. The final aim analysis new nano‐immunomodulators, paving way innovative effective approaches treatment

Language: Английский

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Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor from nanofiber membranes reduces oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury to neurovascular units

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 887 - 894

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202404000-00034/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-09T133047Z/r/image-tiff Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A/basic fibroblast (VEGFA/bFGF) expression in the penumbra cerebral ischemia can increase volume, reduce lesion and enhance neural cell proliferation differentiation, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. However, beneficial effects endogenous VEGFA/bFGF are limited as their is only transiently increased. In this study, we generated multilayered nanofiber membranes loaded with using layer-by-layer self-assembly electrospinning techniques. We found that a membrane containing 10 layers had an ideal ultrastructure could efficiently stably release factors for more than 1 month. This 10-layered promoted brain microvascular tube formation proliferation, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, upregulated tight junction proteins, improved viability various cellular components neurovascular units under conditions oxygen/glucose deprivation. Furthermore, decreased Janus kinase-2/signal transducer activator transcription-3 (JAK2/STAT3), Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3. Therefore, exhibits effect on oxygen/glucose-deprived by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Language: Английский

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Oxyglutamate Carrier Alleviates Cerebral Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Function

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to participate in the pathophysiological processes of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury, which include reduced energy homeostasis, increased generation oxidative stress species (ROS) and release apoptotic factors. Oxyglutamate carrier (OGC) is an important protein on inner mitochondrial membrane that can transport metabolites from cytoplasm mitochondria. The role OGC injury (I/R) remains unknown. In this study, we found expression was significantly upregulated after injury. Inhibiting with phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) neuronal death oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) vitro. Mechanistically, localized mitochondria could facilitate glutathione reduce ROS levels increase ATP production OGD/R. addition, vivo inhibition exacerbated brain infarction, GSH supplementation alleviated infarction resulting inhibition. This study revealed alleviating damage by regulating alleviate function may provide a target for ischaemic

Language: Английский

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Biomaterials in Cerebral Stroke: Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transforming stroke treatment through nanotherapies

Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 4

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

KEYWORDS: Strokenanotherapynanomedicinenanoparticledrug deliverytargeted therapyinflammationoxidative stress

Language: Английский

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