Environmental stimuli‐responsive hydrogels in endodontics: Advances and perspectives

International Endodontic Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are smart and functional materials that respond to various environmental stimuli, including temperature, light, magnetic field, pH, redox, enzymes glucose. This responsiveness allows for the controlled release of therapeutic agents encapsulated within hydrogels, enhancing treatment precision, improving outcomes minimizing side effects. Such show great potential in root canal disinfection, management dental pulp inflammation regeneration, making them promising candidates more personalized effective endodontic treatments. article provides an overview latest advancements design application stimuli‐responsive endodontics, emphasizing their revolutionize It also addresses current challenges explores future directions aiming inspire motivate researchers further engage or intensify efforts this area research.

Language: Английский

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Role and mechanisms of histone methylation in osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are pivotal for tooth development and periodontal tissue health play an important role in engineering regenerative medicine because of their multidirectional differentiation potential self-renewal ability. The cellular microenvironment regulates the fate can be modified using various optimization techniques. These methods influence microenvironment, activate disparate signaling pathways, induce different biological effects. “Epigenetic regulation” refers to process influencing gene expression regulating cell without altering DNA sequences, such as histone methylation. Histone methylation modifications regulate transcription factors governing DMSCs into osteo-/odontogenic lineages. most sites organization were found H3K4, H3K9, H3K27. affects by maintaining a delicate balance between major trimethylation sites, generating distinct chromatin structures associated with specific downstream transcriptional states. Several crucial pathways osteogenic susceptible modulation via modifications. A deeper understanding regulatory mechanisms immune-inflammatory responses will facilitate further investigation epigenetic regulation DMSC-mediated regeneration inflammation. Here is concise overview functions at H3K27 renewal both non-inflammatory inflammatory microenvironments. This review summarizes current research on these processes context therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Effect of MSC-derived EVs induced by AGEs on energy metabolism in vascular endothelial cells

Kidney International Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 227 - 246

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a critical role in the development of vascular diseases diabetes. Although stem cell therapies often involve exposure to AGEs, impact this environment on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and endothelial metabolism remains unclear. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (MSCs) were treated with either 0 ng/ml or 100 AGEs serum-free medium for 48 hours, after which MSC-EVs isolated. The EVs characterized by morphology, particle size, protein markers MSC-EVs, microRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed identify differentially expressed miRNAs. cocultured human vein (HUVECs) assess effects viability, metabolic activity, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity. Tube formation glucose transporter analyses conducted evaluate angiogenic ability ranged from 30 150 nm, is consistent exosomal properties. treatment reduced MSC viability but had minimal effect EV morphology markers. miRNA showed downregulation hsa-miR-223-3p hsa-miR-126-3p_R-1, upregulation hsa-miR-574-5p, implicating changes glycolytic phosphorylation pathways. decreased HUVEC (P < 0.05), pH adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while enhancing glycolysis processes, including capacity, reserve 0.05). This likely resulted impaired mitochondrial function, ATP production, maximal respiration, basal spare respiratory capacity increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) 0.05) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity In addition, types 1, 3, 4 (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4), synthesis cytochrome c oxidase 2 expression along HUVECs. Exposure diminishes therapeutic potential MSC-derived disrupting energy promoting reprogramming cells. These findings suggest that adjusting dosage frequency may enhance their efficacy treating diabetes-related conditions. Further research warranted AGEs' broader various pathways improved exosome-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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Sub‐Nanoscale Caffeic Acid‐Functionalized TiO₂ Composite: Enhancing Mechanical Properties and Odontogenic Differentiation Capacity of Resin‐Based Dental Restoration

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6)

Published: Dec. 29, 2024

Abstract Resin‐based materials (RBMs) are widely applied in dentistry because they withstand the recurrent multi‐dimensional force striking and hydrolysis of teeth. Sub‐nanoscale can enhance mechanical strength bioactivity RBMs, but effects still limited mechanisms to remain unclear. Here, a TiO 2 ‐based sub‐nanocomposite modified with caffeic acid (CA) robustness, structural stability, RBMs is reported. This promote proliferation, adhesion, odontogenic differentiation human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through specifically up‐regulating expression genes related cell‐matrix integrin‐mediated signaling pathways, collagen fibril organization. These lead better capacity for RBMs.

Language: Английский

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