When is an Offset Not an Offset? A Framework of Necessary Conditions for Biodiversity Offsets

Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67(2), P. 424 - 435

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Functionalism in ecology and economics: Epistemological affinities and temptations

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 298, P. 110762 - 110762

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Incentivising biodiversity net gain with an offset market

Q Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract Most programmes that incentivise the supply of public goods such as biodiversity conservation on private land in Europe are financed through purse. However, new ideas for how to fund urgently needed, given recent reviews poor state global biodiversity. In this paper, we investigate use funding an offset market. The environmental objective is increase some measure a region (‘net gain’) despite loss housing. Farmers create credits by changing their management and then sell these housing developers who required more than impacts development specific indicator Combining economic model market operation with ecological linking bird populations, examine operation, costs, (hypothetical) target level net gain increased. A general result established price quantity made ambitious. For case-study site Scotland, find increased, number offsets traded equilibrium falls, does market-clearing price. Changes spatial pattern gains losses our index also occur raised.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the potential of biodiversity offsets to achieve net gain

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: April 6, 2023

Evaluating the outcomes and tracking trajectory of biodiversity offsets is essential to demonstrating their effectiveness as a mechanism conciliate development conservation. We reviewed literature determine principles that should underpin offset planning criteria for evaluation at project level. According literature, core equivalence, additionality, permanence are used evaluate conservation offsets. applied large iron ore mining in Atlantic Forest Brazil. examined equivalence terms amount area per value affected fauna flora similarity, additionality landscape connectivity, guarantees ensure protection restoration lasting outcomes. found an ratio (amount area:offset area) 1:1.8 forests 1:2 grasslands. Ecological (i.e., similarity between areas) was forested areas, but not ferruginous rupestrian grasslands or fauna. Landscape metrics showed connectivity improved relative preproject situation result locating largest best-connected forest patch. Permanence addressed by establishing covenants management measures, financial cover maintenance costs after mine closure were lacking. Offsets be equivalent type size, provide would obtained without them (additionality), (permanence). To monitor offsets, it necessary how well these 3 planning, implementation, Achieving measurable from long-term endeavor requires sustained support, information intensive. Thus, require ongoing monitoring adaptive management.Evaluación del potencial de las compensaciones por biodiversidad para obtener ganancias netas Resumen La evaluación resultados y el rastreo la trayectoria son esenciales demostrar su efectividad como mecanismo conciliación entre desarrollo conservación. Revisamos literatura determinar los principios que deberían sustentar planes compensación criterios evaluarla nivel proyecto. Según literatura, se usan nucleares equivalencia, adicionalidad permanencia criterio evaluar conservación compensaciones. Aplicamos este un gran proyecto minero mineral hierro en Bosque Atlántico Brasil. Analizamos equivalencia términos cantidad área valor afectado similitudes fauna; conectividad paisaje; garantías aseguran tengan longevos restauración protección. Descubrimos una proporción (cantidad afectada:área compensación) bosques campos naturales. Encontramos equivalencias ecológicas (es decir, similitud áreas afectadas boscosas, pero no rupestres ferruginosos ni Las medidas paisaje mostraron mejoró relación situación previa al gracias ubicación fragmentos bosque más grandes mejor conectados. Establecimos Contractos manejo fueron establecidos compensaciones, económicas cubrir costos mantenimiento después cierre mina están suficientemente garantizadas. ser iguales tipo tamaño (equivalencia), proporcionar obtendrían ausencia (adicionalidad) duraderas (permanencia). Se necesita cómo aplican estos tres planeación, implementación poder monitorearlas. Si quieren lograr medibles conservación, cuente con apoyo mantenido largo plazo contenga información intensiva. Por lo tanto, requieren monitoreo continua además adaptativo.评估生物多样性补偿的结果并跟踪其轨迹对于证明其作为协调发展和保护的机制的有效性至关重要。本研究回顾了相关文献, 以确定生物多样性补偿规划应遵循的原则, 以及项目层面的补偿评估标准。根据文献报道, 评估生物多样性补偿保护结果的标准包括等效性、额外性和持久性的核心原则。我们应用这些标准, 评估了巴西大西洋森林中一个大型铁矿开采项目的生物多样性补偿情况。我们根据每单位受影响的生物多样性价值的面积和动植物的相似性评估了等效性, 根据景观连接度评估了额外性, 并根据保护和恢复性补偿长期结果的保障措施评估了持久性。我们发现, 森林的补偿比例 (受影响面积:补偿面积) 为 1:1.8, 而草原为 1:2。森林地区实现了生态等效性 (即受影响地区和补偿地区之间存在相似性), 但在铁矿石草原或动物群方面仍未实现。景观指标显示, 由于在最大和连接最好的森林斑块开展了恢复性补偿, 因此连接度相对于项目前的情况有所提高。签订契约和制定管理措施可以解决补偿的持久性问题, 但仍缺乏财政保障来支付矿山关闭后的维护费用。补偿应在类型和规模上具有等效性, 提供因补偿产生的额外保护结果 (额外性), 并且长期存在 (持久性)。为了监测和评估补偿情况, 应确定这三个原则在生物多样性补偿的规划、实施和维持中的应用。通过补偿实现可衡量的保护结果是一项长期且信息密集的工作, 需要持续的管理支持。因此, 补偿需要长期的监测、评估以及适应性管理。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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Challenges to developing mitigation hierarchy policy: findings from a nationwide database analysis in France

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 109343 - 109343

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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