Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(16), P. 3718 - 3731

Published: April 22, 2021

Abstract Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological life history traits may predict success human‐dominated landscapes such that only with “winning” combinations of will persist disturbed environments. However, this link between successful coexistence humans remains obscured by the complexity anthropogenic disturbances variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal from 61 populations across North America to quantify effects (1) direct presence people (2) human footprint (landscape modification) occurrence levels. Thirty‐three percent exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced or activity) increasing and/or populations, whereas 58% were positively associated disturbance. apparent benefits tended decrease disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative thresholds species’ capacity tolerate exploit landscapes. strong predictors their responses footprint, favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster‐reproducing species. The positive distributed more randomly respect trait values, winners losers range body sizes dietary guilds. Differential some highlight importance considering these two forms separately when estimating impacts wildlife. Our approach provides insights into complex mechanisms through which activities shape communities globally, revealing drivers loss larger predators human‐modified

Language: Английский

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Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6649), P. 1059 - 1064

Published: June 8, 2023

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the same period 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change average or behavior, likely due lockdown conditions. However, under strict 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting permeability. Animals' 1-hour declined 12% 36% closer roads areas high footprint, indicating lockdowns. Overall, rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting but substantial impacts mobility wildlife worldwide.

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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Use of object detection in camera trap image identification: Assessing a method to rapidly and accurately classify human and animal detections for research and application in recreation ecology

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35, P. e02104 - e02104

Published: March 25, 2022

Camera traps are increasingly used to answer complex ecological questions. However, the rapidly growing number of images collected presents technical challenges. Each image must be classified extract data, requiring significant labor, and potentially creating an information bottleneck. We applied object detection model (MegaDetector) camera trap data from a study recreation ecology in British Columbia, Canada. tested its performance detecting humans animals relative manual classifications, assessed efficiency by comparing time required for classification versus modified workflow integrating with classification. also evaluated reliability using MegaDetector create index human activity application impacts wildlife. In our application, detected animal 99% 82% precision, 95% 92% recall respectively, at confidence threshold 90%. Processing speed was increased over 500%, processing component reduced 8.4 ×. The events matched output classification, mean 0.45% difference estimated detections across site-weeks. Our test open-source showed it performed well partially classifying dataset, significantly increasing efficiency. suggest that this tool could integrated into existing workflows accelerate research alleviating bottlenecks, particularly surveys large volumes images. show how can anonymize prior protecting individual privacy.

Language: Английский

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The influence of human activity on predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(6), P. 1124 - 1134

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract Despite growing evidence of widespread impacts humans on animal behaviour, our understanding how reshape species interactions remains limited. Here, we present a framework that draws key concepts from behavioural and community ecology to outline four primary pathways by which can alter predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap. We suggest dyads exhibit similar or opposite responses human activity with distinct outcomes for predator diet, predation rates, population demography trophic cascades. demonstrate assess these response hypothesis testing, using temporal data 178 published camera trap studies terrestrial mammals. found each the proposed pathways, revealing multiple patterns influence Our case study highlight current challenges, gaps, advances in linking behaviour change dynamics. By hypothesis‐driven approach estimate potential altered interactions, researchers anticipate ecological consequences activities whole communities.

Language: Английский

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Crowded mountains: Long-term effects of human outdoor recreation on a community of wild mammals monitored with systematic camera trapping

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 1085 - 1097

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Partial COVID-19 closure of a national park reveals negative influence of low-impact recreation on wildlife spatiotemporal ecology

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Abstract Human presence exerts complex effects on the ecology of species, which has implications for biodiversity persistence in protected areas experiencing increasing human recreation levels. However, difficulty separating effect species from other environmental or disturbance gradients remains a challenge. The cessation activity that occurred with COVID-19 restrictions provides ‘natural experiment’ to better understand influence wildlife. Here, we use closure within heavily visited and highly national park (Glacier National Park, MT, USA) examine how ‘low-impact’ recreational hiking affects spatiotemporal diverse mammal community. Based data collected camera traps when was closed then subsequently open recreation, found consistent negative responses across most our assemblage 24 fewer detections, reduced site use, decreased daytime activity. Our results suggest dual mandates parks conserve promote have potential be conflict, even presumably innocuous activities. There is an urgent need fitness consequences these changes inform management decisions areas.

Language: Английский

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Coexistence between Przewalski's horse and Asiatic wild ass in the desert: The importance of people

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Abstract Przewalski's horses and Asiatic wild asses were thought to have coexisted in the past. After reintroducing extinct‐in‐the‐wild within range of around 2000, it was hoped they would coexist through different resource utilization strategies. However, equid species worldwide rarely share landscapes. The Dzungarian Gobi, with limited water availability, also seems incapable supporting two equids even though exhibit differentiated niches. We delimited their fundamental realized niches use by captive experiments camera traps at watering points Kalamaili Nature Reserve, China. Using generalized linear models circular statistics, we analysed how interspecific competition, human presence environmental factors (temperature, precipitation, salinity deficits) affected each species' daily patterns. exhibited distinct water‐use In captivity, showed higher dependency than asses—drinking more frequently, consuming per unit body weight (0.095 vs. 0.032 L/kg) displaying greater sensitivity high temperatures. Field observations from 316,556 trap photos over 665 days revealed that relied on fixed avoided saline near‐depleted points, unlike asses. While both could drink freely day night when separated, interactions shared territories a clear pattern: primarily drank during daytime heat loading peaked used physical dominance keep smaller‐bodied away low‐salinity, long‐lasting until nightfall left forage. This forced either low‐salinity or high‐salinity ones day. numerical advantage asses—travelling large herds—often results depleting spring‐fed. near settlement, scarce, remain accessible as avoid them, thus providing reliable drinking spots for horses, particularly harems, after night‐time foraging. They serve crucial refuges, preventing competitive exclusion numerically—but not physically—dominant Synthesis applications : Our findings highlight importance people permitting sympatric coexistence scarcity. involvement requires careful management. Increased may benefit but restrict asses' access some quality water, potentially weakening climate resilience.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Health and Societal Wealth Predict Movement Patterns of an Urban Carnivore

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT How societal, ecological and infrastructural attributes interact to influence wildlife movement is uncertain. We explored whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status environmental quality were associated with coyote ( Canis latrans ) patterns in Los Angeles, California assessed the performance of integrated social–ecological models. found that coyotes living more anthropogenically burdened regions (i.e. higher pollution, denser development, etc.) had larger home ranges showed greater daily displacement mean step length than less regions. Coyotes experiencing differing levels anthropogenic burdens demonstrated divergent selection for vegetation, road densities other habitat conditions. Further, models included societal covariates performed better only features linear infrastructure. This study provides a unique lens examining drivers urban movement, which should be applicable planners conservationists when building equitable, healthy wildlife‐friendly cities.

Language: Английский

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Ecological networks in response to climate change and the human footprint in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 2095 - 2112

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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