Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: A Global Perspective

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 596 - 596

Published: March 9, 2022

The increase in the world population has generated an important need for both quality and quantity agricultural products, which led to a significant surge use of chemical pesticides fight crop diseases. Consumers, however, have become very concerned recent years over side effects fungicides on human health environment. As result, research into alternative solutions protect crops been imposed attracted wide attention from researchers worldwide. Among these alternatives, biological controls through beneficial microorganisms gained considerable importance, whilst several control agents (BCAs) screened, among them Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, certain yeasts. At present, biopesticide products developed marketed either leaf diseases, root or fruit storage However, no positive correlation observed between number screened BCAs available products. Therefore, this review emphasizes development biofungicides screening marketing problems that hinder their development. Finally, particular was given gaps sector factors hamper its development, particularly terms efficacy legislation procedures.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 2329 - 2329

Published: Feb. 19, 2022

Rhizosphere filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma, a dominant component various soil ecosystem mycobiomes, are characterized by ability to colonize plant roots. Detailed knowledge properties including metabolic activity and type interaction with plants other microorganisms, can ensure its effective use in agriculture. The growing interest application Trichoderma results from their direct indirect biocontrol potential against wide range phytopathogens. They act through complex mechanisms, such as mycoparasitism, degradation pathogen cell walls, competition for nutrients space, induction resistance. With constant exposure variety pathogens, especially fungi, increased resistance pathogens chemical pesticides, main challenge is develop biological protection alternatives. Among non-pathogenic seems be best candidate green technologies due biofertilization biostimulatory potential. Most species belong growth-promoting that produce phytohormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme. In present review, current status gathered, which relevant growth stimulation fungal

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 432 - 432

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Biocontrol agents (BCA) have been an important tool in agriculture to prevent crop losses due plant pathogens infections and increase food production globally, diminishing the necessity for chemical pesticides fertilizers offering a more sustainable environmentally friendly option. Fungi from genus Trichoderma are among most used studied microorganisms as BCA variety of biocontrol traits, such parasitism, antibiosis, secondary metabolites (SM) production, defense system induction. Several species well-known mycoparasites. However, some those can antagonize other organisms nematodes pests, making this fungus very versatile BCA. has part innovative bioformulations, either just or combination with plant-beneficial microbes, growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, we review recent literature regarding studies about six species, T. atroviride, harzianum, asperellum, virens, longibrachiatum, viride, highlighting their traits use these fungal genera Trichoderma-based formulations control diseases, importance substitute fertilizers.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents for Plant Disease Protection: Journey from Lab to Field, Current Status, Challenges, and Global Perspectives

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(18), P. 6735 - 6735

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Plants are constantly exposed to various phytopathogens such as fungi, Oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can significantly reduce the productivity of important crops worldwide, with annual crop yield losses ranging from 20% 40% caused by pathogenic diseases. While use chemical pesticides has been effective at controlling multiple diseases in major crops, excessive synthetic chemicals detrimental effects on environment human health, which discourages pesticide application agriculture sector. As a result, researchers worldwide have shifted their focus towards alternative eco-friendly strategies prevent plant Biocontrol is less toxic safer method that reduces severity A variety biological control agents (BCAs) available for use, but further research needed identify potential microbes natural products broad-spectrum antagonistic activity This review aims highlight importance biocontrol managing Furthermore, role beneficial current status mechanisms will be summarized. The also cover challenges need future development methods ensure efficient disease management sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma: Advent of Versatile Biocontrol Agent, Its Secrets and Insights into Mechanism of Biocontrol Potential

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 12786 - 12786

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Trichoderma is an important biocontrol agent for managing plant diseases. species are members of the fungal genus hyphomycetes, which widely distributed in soil. It can function as a well growth promoter. now frequently used biological control agents (BCAs) to combat wide range Major diseases have been successfully managed due their application. spp. being extensively researched order enhance its effectiveness top agent. The activation numerous regulatory mechanisms major factor ability manage Trichoderma-based methods include nutrient competition, mycoparasitism, synthesis antibiotic and hydrolytic enzymes, induced resistance. may synthesize variety secondary metabolites that inhibit activity GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) membrane-bound receptors sense transmit environmental inputs affect metabolism. Related intracellular signalling pathways also play role this process. Secondary produced by activate disease-fighting within plants protect against pathogens. β- Glucuronidase (GUS), green fluorescent protein (gfp), hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hygB), producing genes examples exogenous markers could be identify track specific isolates agro-ecosystems. More than sixty percent biofungicides on market derived from species. These fungi harmful developing Additionally, they solubilize nutrients boost bioremediate contaminants through mechanisms, including mycoparasitism antibiosis. Enzymes industry. This review article intends provide overview update (from 1975 2022) fungi, information key metabolites, genes, interactions with

Language: Английский

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Combined use of Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Pseudomonas): Development of microbial synergistic bio-inoculants in sustainable agriculture

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 105100 - 105100

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Trichoderma-bacteria co-inoculations have a synergistic effect on plant benefits.• biocontrollers similar results than chemical pesticides.• Compatibility and formulation are key steps in co-inoculants.

Language: Английский

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The hidden power of secondary metabolites in plant-fungi interactions and sustainable phytoremediation

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

The global environment is dominated by various small exotic substances, known as secondary metabolites, produced plants and microorganisms. Plants fungi are particularly plentiful sources of these molecules, whose physiological functions, in many cases, remain a mystery. Fungal metabolites (SM) diverse group substances that exhibit wide range chemical properties generally fall into one four main family groups: Terpenoids, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, or combination the latter two. They incredibly varied their functions often related to increased fitness respective fungus its environment, competing with other microbes interacting plant species. Several have essential roles biological control diseases beneficial microorganisms used for crop protection biofertilization worldwide. Besides direct toxic effects against phytopathogens, natural can promote root shoot development and/or disease resistance activating host systemic defenses. ability synthesize store biologically active potent source novel compounds agriculture becoming top priority SM research. In this review, we will discuss fungal-plant antifungal role signaling molecules induced acquired activities. Additionally, fungal mimic promotion such auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, which modulate growth under biotic stress. Moreover, present new trend regarding phytoremediation applications using achieve sustainable food production microbial diversity an eco-friendly environment.

Language: Английский

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Exopolysaccharides from agriculturally important microorganisms: Conferring soil nutrient status and plant health

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 262, P. 129954 - 129954

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants in Viticulture: A Sustainable Approach against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 162 - 162

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Climate change and disproportionate anthropogenic interventions, such as the excess of phytopharmaceutical products continuous soil tillage, are jeopardizing viticulture by subjecting plants to abiotic stress. One main physiological repercussions stress is represented unbalanced redox homeostasis due overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading a state oxidative (detrimental grape quality). To these added direct indirect damages caused pathogens (biotic stresses). In light this scenario, it inevitable that sustainable techniques sensitivity approaches for environmental human health have be applied in viticulture. Sustainable can only made with aid products. Biostimulant (PB) applications (including resistance inducers or elicitors) vineyard become interesting maneuvers counteracting vine diseases improving quality. These also represent partial alternative fertilization nutrient absorption avoiding its leaching into groundwater. Their role elicitors has important stimulation phenylpropanoid pathway triggering activation several enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase (with accumulation phenolic compounds). The present review paper summarizes PBs' implications viticulture, gathering historical, functional, applicative information. This work aims highlight innumerable beneficial effects on vines brought It serves spur scientific community greater contribution investigating response mechanisms plant positive inductions.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Trichoderma in Agriculture for Productivity and Sustainability

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2559 - 2559

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Increased agricultural activities driven by rising food demand have led to environmental problems mostly arising from the high levels of external inputs and resources that are required. Additionally, changes, such as global warming, can lead various biotic abiotic stresses, which negative impacts on crop production. Numerous solutions strategies been introduced overcome these problems. One ways improve plant production well increase resistance towards stresses is utilizing beneficial microbes soil inoculants. A better understanding ability Trichoderma enhance mechanisms involved important for deriving maximum benefits their exploitation. These versatile fungi hold great promise development viable commercial products be used widely in agriculture increasing productivity a more sustainable way. Many previous reviews tended focus enhancing growth yield. This current review discusses sustainability aspect using regulators, impact yield effects regulating stresses.

Language: Английский

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