Exploiting Trap Type and Color for Monitoring Macadamia Felted Coccid Acanthococcus ironsidei (Williams) and Associated Parasitic Wasps in Macadamia Orchards in Hawai’i

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 149 - 149

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Acanthococcus ironsidei (Williams) (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) is an invasive pest of macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia, in Hawai’i, causing death to macadamia trees and decreased nut productivity. Monitoring relies on wrapping double-sided sticky tapes over tree branches trap dispersing crawlers (i.e., mobile immature stage), but this tedious for growers, especially large orchards. From September November 2022 December February 2023, at two commercial orchards Hawai’i Island, the use colored cards was assessed improving monitoring A. investigate Hymenopteran parasitoid complex that inhabits canopies. At each study site, four different (yellow, lime green, dark white) were placed lower canopy five trees, tree, a transparent tape deployed. bi-weekly intervals, replaced re-randomized replaced. The results showed captured both (winged) male adults, while only crawlers. color did not have significant effects captures adults sites, lowest green traps one site. adult males white generally correlated with number tapes. had disparities attraction color; however, yellow, colors seemingly more effective Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli), reported ironsidei. These useful practical implications improved crawlers, associated natural enemies.

Language: Английский

The repository of biocontrol agents for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) with emphasis on their mode of action

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 85(1)

Published: June 25, 2024

Abstract Background Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) is one of the most destructive pests Maize plants, causing an estimated 40% crop loss in 2019. It a native pest America and difficult to control since it has developed resistance against insecticides efficient controlling lepidopteran pests, including recommended Chlorantraniliprole Flubendiamide. Due increasing need for change management methods, necessary consider biological on commercial level. Main body In this review, we have put together list all biocontrol agents (parasites, parasitoids, predators, viruses, bacteria, fungi) reported from different parts world effective managing impact S. , along with elaborate mechanism action each natural killer. After analyzing procured data, Pareto charts were prepared plotting distribution mortality caused by parasitoids pathogens. The regional abundance was plotted form graph. Conclusion Pareto’s (Fig. 6) shows that Telenomus remus Steinernema riobrave accounts maximum 90% among other high contributors ( Chelonus insularis, Trichospilus pupivora, Ophion flavidus, Heterorhabditis indica, bacteriophora, Trichogramma mwanai ). NPV Metarhizium anisopliae proved be micro-entomopathogens up 98% mortality. Also, these entomopathogens over but found abundant Mexico India. Based study, recommend augmentation entomopathogenic insects large scale only commercialize them market produce ready-to-use pathogenic formulations applied fields combined significantly less quantity harmful chemical ailments.

Language: Английский

Short-term temperature changes affected the predation ability of Orius similis on Bemisia tabaci nymphs

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a major pest that can adversely affect economies and agriculture globally, is particularly sensitive to climate change-induced temperature fluctuations, which intensify its outbreaks. Orius similis Zheng, primary natural predator of B. tabaci, also experiences temperature-related effects influence biocontrol efficacy. Thus, understanding the response O. changes pivotal for optimizing potential. Herein, our investigations showed functional both high- low-instar nymphs adheres type II model at temperatures 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 °C. At 28 °C, exhibits highest instantaneous attack rate (high-instar: 1.1580, low-instar: 1.2112), shortest handling time per prey 0.0218, 0.0191). The efficacy in controlling follows sequence: °C > 25 22 19 Additionally, search efficiency inversely correlates with density. Simulations using Hessell–Varley interference indicate increased density under any condition leads reduced predation rates. Moreover, shows preference higher level observed same temperature. In conclusion, effective control field releases, should be optimally released between preferably target egg or early nymph stages determining appropriate number important minimize among individuals enhance

Language: Английский