DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay

Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2248 - 2248

Published: July 26, 2023

Today, there is an increasing interest in antioxidants, especially to prevent the known harmful effects of free radicals human metabolism and their deterioration during processing storage fatty foods. In both cases, natural-source antioxidants are preferred over synthetic antioxidants. So, has been a parallel increase use assays estimate antioxidant efficacy food systems. many bioanalytical methods that measure effect. Of these, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) removing assay most putative, popular, commonly used method determine ability. this review, general approach DPPH radical scavenging taken. context, studies, including attempts adapt different analytes, search for highest activity values, optimize measurement, have previously performed. Therefore, it highly important introduce measures aimed at standardizing conditions activity, various reaction media suitable assay. For aim, chemical basic principles defined discussed outline. addition, study describes defines sections biological Additionally, some chemical, critical, technical details removal given. This simple which prospective compounds or herbal extracts mixed with solution absorbance measured after certain period. However, despite rapid advances instrumental techniques analysis, not undergone extreme modification. presents detailed information about in-depth review developments.

Language: Английский

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Metal Ions, Metal Chelators and Metal Chelating Assay as Antioxidant Method

Processes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 132 - 132

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Heavy metals are essential for a wide range of biological processes, including the growth and reproduction cells, synthesis biomolecules, many enzymatic reactions, body’s immunity, but their excessive intake is harmful. Specifically, they cause oxidative stress (OS) generate free radicals reactive oxygen species (ROS) in metabolism. In addition, accumulation heavy humans can serious damage to different organs, especially respiratory, nervous reproductive digestive systems. Biologically, metal chelation therapy often used treat toxicity. This process occurs through interaction between ligand central atom, forming complex ring-like structure. After chelated with appropriate chelating agents, metabolism be prevented efficiently removed from body. On other hand, metals, Zn, Fe Cu, necessary suitable functioning proteins enzymes However, when same accumulate at levels higher than optimum level, easily become toxic have harmful effects toward biomolecules. this case, it induces formation ROS nitrogen (RNS) resulting peroxidation molecules such as lipids plasma membrane. Antioxidants an increasing interest fields due protective effects, food pharmaceutical products. Screening antioxidant properties compounds needs methods assay. study, general approach bonding described. For purpose, basic principles chemical methods, both vivo vitro, outlined discussed. Hence, main sections review, descriptions related ions, chelating, antioxidants, importance system definitions assays widely determine ability provided. some properties, technical critical details given.

Language: Английский

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Discovery of sulfadrug–pyrrole conjugates as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Archiv der Pharmazie, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 355(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Abstract Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes are zinc ion‐containing, widespread metalloenzymes and they classically play a role in pH homeostasis maintenance. CA inhibitors suppress the activity their usage has been clinically established as antiglaucoma agents, antiepileptics, diuretics, some other disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder fatal of brain. An advanced method to cure AD includes strategy design acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. A novel series pyrrole‐3‐one derivatives containing sulfa drugs ( 5a–i ) were determined be highly potent for AChE hCA I II (inhibitory constant [ K i ] values range 6.50 ± 1.02–37.46 4.12 nM, 1.20 0.19–44.21 1.09 8.93 1.58–46.86 8.41 nM AChE, I, II, respectively). The designed compounds often show more effective inhibition than chemicals used standard. Among these compounds, 5f was most compound against 5e II. It that 5c inhibitor AChE.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis and inhibition profiles of N-benzyl- and N-allyl aniline derivatives against carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase – A molecular docking study

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 103645 - 103645

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

The alkyl and aryl derivatives of aniline are important starting materials in fine organic synthesis. Allyl bromide benzyl chloride were taken as substrates for the alkylation reaction a halide ion scavenger. Triethylamine was utilized at reflux condition N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). Novel synthesized N-benzyl N-allyl (1a-f) evaluated to be highly potent inhibitors acetylcholinesterase (AChE) carbonic anhydrases (hCAs). half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) N-benzyl- calculated between 243.11 633.54 nM hCA I, 296.32–518.37 II 182.45–520.21 AChE enzymes. On other hand, Ki values range 149.24 ± 15.59 519.59 102.27 AChE, 202.12 16.21 635.31 45.33 I 298.57 94.13 511.18 115.98 isoenzyme. Additionally, silico molecular docking computations performed with Autodock Vina program support experimental vitro studies both hCAs inhibitors. results demonstrated that scores good agreement results.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Berdav Propolis Using LC-MS/MS: Determination of Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma, and Antidiabetic Effects

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 1739 - 1739

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Propolis is a complex natural compound that honeybees obtain from plants and contributes to hive safety. It rich in phenolic flavonoid compounds, which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer properties. In this study, the chemical composition antioxidant activities of propolis were investigated; ABTS

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Oil Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS, and GC-FID: Determination of Antiglaucoma, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Profiles

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 136 - 136

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

In this study, for the first time, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of essential oil from cinnamon (

Language: Английский

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Screening of Antiglaucoma, Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Antioxidant Activities of Astragalus alopecurus Pall—Analysis of Phenolics Profiles by LC-MS/MS

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 659 - 659

Published: April 28, 2023

Astragalus species are traditionally used for diabetes, ulcers, leukemia, wounds, stomachaches, sore throats, abdominal pain, and toothaches. Although the preventive effects of against diseases known, there is no record therapeutic alopecurus. In this study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro antiglaucoma, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidant activities methanolic (MEAA) water (WEAA) extracts aerial part A. Additionally, its phenolic compound profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MEAA WEAA evaluated their inhibition ability on α-glycosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzymes. The compounds LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, total flavonoid contents determined. context, activity was 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DMPD), ferric reducing power (FRAP), cupric ions (Cu2+) capacity (CUPRAC), (Fe3+) reducing, ferrous (Fe2+) chelating methods. had IC50 values 9.07 2.24 μg/mL 693.15 346.58 1.99 2.45 AChE, 147.7 171.7 hCA II. While amounts 16.00 18.50 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg extract, both calculated as 66.23 33.115 quercetin (QE)/mg, respectively. showed, respectively, variable DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 99.02 115.53 μg/mL), ABTS 32.21 30.22 µg/mL), DMPD 231.05 65.22 Fe2+ 46.21 33.01 μg/mL). abilities were, Fe3+ (λ700: 0.308 0.284), FRAP (λ593: 0.284 CUPRAC (λ450: 0.163 0.137). A 35 phenolics scanned, 10 determined LC-MS/MS analysis. revealed that mainly contained isorhamnetin, fumaric acid, rosmarinic derivatives. This first report indicating have abilities, activities. These results demonstrate potential through properties enzyme inhibitor medicine. work provides foundation further research into establishment novel therapeutics glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 112923 - 112923

Published: Oct. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of nitrogen, phosphorus, selenium and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds – Determination of their carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glycosidase inhibition properties

Bioorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 104171 - 104171

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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Antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of shaggy bindweed (Convulvulus betonicifolia Miller subsp.) – profiling of phenolic compounds by LC-HRMS

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. e06986 - e06986

Published: May 1, 2021

In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of evaporated ethanolic extract (EESB) and lyophilized water (WESB) Shaggy bindweed (Convulvulus betonicifolia Mill. Subs), some putative methods such as DPPH· scavenging activity, ABTS•+ effect, ferric ions (Fe3+) reduction method, cupric (Cu2+) reducing capacity, ferrous (Fe2+) binding activities were separately performed. Also, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol BHT used standard compounds. Additionally, phenolic compounds that responsible for abilities EESB WESB screened by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). At same concentration, demonstrated effective when compared standards. addition, IC50 values 1.946 μg/mL against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 0.815 α-glycosidase 0.675 α-amylase enzymes.

Language: Английский

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