Metabolism of Tryptophan, Glutamine, and Asparagine in Cancer Immunotherapy—Synergism or Mechanism of Resistance?

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 144 - 144

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Amino acids are crucial components of proteins, key molecules in cellular physiology and homeostasis. However, they also involved a variety other mechanisms, such as energy homeostasis, nitrogen exchange, further synthesis bioactive compounds, production nucleotides, or activation signaling pathways. Moreover, amino their metabolites have immunoregulatory properties, significantly affecting the behavior immune cells. Immunotherapy is one oncological treatment methods that improves cytotoxic properties one’s own system. Thus, enzymes catalyzing acid metabolism, together with themselves, can affect antitumor responses to immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss involvement tryptophan, glutamine, asparagine metabolism cells targeted by immunotherapy summarize results most recent investigations on impact

Language: Английский

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α-Ketoglutarate modulates the mechanisms of toxicity in crucian carp kidneys chronically exposed to NaHCO3: Metabolomics insights

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101466 - 101466

Published: March 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ethyl acetate extract from Herpetospermun cardigerum Wall. Ameliorated Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice by reprofiling gut microenvironment to modulate IDO1/KYN and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119578 - 119578

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gut Barrier, Microbial Metabolites, and Immune Homeostasis in Autoimmune Hepatitis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Strategies

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: April 30, 2025

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease characterized by recurring immune-triggered hepatic injury. While scientists have yet to fully elucidate the precise triggers of AIH, contemporary research indicates that both gut microbiota and their metabolic products significantly influence AIH progression. These factors contribute multiple mechanisms, including compromised intestinal barrier function, altered microbial metabolite trafficking, disrupted immune balance, leading responses. This review begins exploring populations byproducts linked AIH. It highlights how flora compromises defenses, enables bacterial migration from tissue, induces Research validates microbes, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile (BAs), specific amino (glutamine, cysteine, tryptophan, branched-chain variants, among others), interact with cell populations. interactions, coupled modifications, Our identifies promising treatment strategies, use probiotic supplementation, engineered prebiotic compounds, transfer procedures, medications targeting microorganisms byproducts. approaches could potentially reduce damage, offering potential new avenues for management.

Language: Английский

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Genetically predicted immune cells mediate the association between gut microbiota and autoimmune liver diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Increasing evidence suggests an association between gut microbiota and Autoimmune Liver Diseases (AILDs). However, causal inference remains controversial due to confounding bias in observational studies. Additionally, there is currently no clear indicating that immune cells act as intermediate phenotypes the pathogenesis of AILDs. This study utilizes Mendelian Randomization (MR) method investigate relationships among microbiota, cells,

Language: Английский

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