Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Feb. 10, 2025
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
distinctive
form
of
dementia
characterized
by
age-related
cognitive
decline
and
memory
impairment.
A
key
hallmark
AD
the
irreversible
overaccumulation
beta-amyloid
(Aβ)
in
brain,
associated
with
neuroinflammation
neuronal
death.
Although
Aβ
clearance
immunoregulation
have
been
major
therapeutic
strategies
for
AD,
highly
selective
transport
across
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
negatively
affects
delivery
efficacy
drugs
without
ability
to
cross
BBB.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
potential
lipid-based
nanoparticles
(LBNs)
as
promising
vehicles
drug
treatment.
LBNs,
composed
phospholipid
mono-
or
bilayer,
attracted
attention
due
their
exceptional
cellular
penetration
capabilities
loading
capabilities,
which
also
facilitate
cargo
transcytosis
Recent
advances
development
engineering
LBNs
overcome
existing
limitations
current
clinical
approaches
treatment
addressing
off-target
effects
low
efficacy.
Here,
review
pathways
BBB,
well
various
types
therapy,
including
exosomes,
liposomes,
solid
lipid
(SLNs),
nanostructured
carriers
(NLCs),
elucidate
properties,
preparation
methodologies,
efficacy,
thereby
offering
innovative
avenues
novel
translation
therapy.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 168 - 168
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
The
recent
approval
of
lecanemab
highlights
that
the
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
protein
is
an
important
pathological
target
in
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
and
further
emphasizes
significance
neuroinflammatory
pathways
regulating
Aβ
accumulation.
Indeed,
accumulation
triggers
microglia
activation,
which
are
key
mediators
neuroinflammation.
inflammatory
responses
this
process
can
lead
to
neuronal
damage
functional
decline.
Microglia
secrete
proinflammatory
cytokines
accelerate
death
release
anti-inflammatory
growth
factors
contributing
recovery
protection.
Thus,
play
a
dual
role
neurodegeneration
neuroprotection,
complicating
their
function
AD.
Therefore,
elucidating
complex
interactions
between
protein,
microglia,
neuroinflammation
essential
for
developing
new
strategies
treating
This
review
investigates
receptors
involved
activating
aims
enhance
understanding
how
these
processes
impact
AD,
as
well
they
be
regulated.
also
analyzed
studies
reported
existing
literature
ongoing
clinical
trials.
Overall,
will
contribute
regulatory
mechanisms
therapies
slow
progression
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
significantly
impairs
memory,
cognitive
function,
and
the
ability
to
perform
daily
tasks.
The
pathological
features
of
AD
include
β-amyloid
plaques,
neurofibrillary
tangles,
neuronal
loss.
Current
treatments
target
changes
but
often
fail
noticeably
slow
progression
can
cause
severe
complications,
limiting
their
effectiveness.
In
addition
therapies
targeting
core
pathology
AD,
more
comprehensive
approach
may
be
needed
for
its
treatment.
recent
years,
non-pharmacological
such
as
physical
therapy,
exercise
cell
nanoparticles
have
shown
great
potential
in
mitigating
alleviating
clinical
symptoms.
This
article
reviews
advances
treatment
approaches
highlighting
contributions
management
facilitating
exploration
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Phytomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
136, P. 156330 - 156330
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Neonatal
hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy
(HIE)
has
a
high
incidence
and
mortality
rate,
representing
significant
patient
burden.
Therefore,
treatment
strategies
that
work
synergistically
with
hypothermic
therapies
are
urgently
required.
Punicalagin
(PUN)
is
natural
safe
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory
functions
whose
excellent
water
solubility
safety
make
it
an
advantageous
perinatal
medication.
However,
its
underlying
mechanisms
of
action
in
HIE
remain
unclear.
This
study
investigated
the
role
associated
mechanism
PUN
HIE.
We
used
Rice
Vannucci
method
to
construct
vivo
model
rats,
from
which
we
extracted
primary
cortical
neurons
vitro
oxygen
glucose
deprivation/reoxygenation
(OGD/R)
model.
The
were
using
transcriptome
sequencing,
laser
speckle
contrast
imaging,
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium
chloride-staining,
Morris
maze
test,
western
blotting,
qPCR,
immunofluorescence,
histochemistry.
rats
demonstrated
excessive
autophagy
inflammation.
reduced
brain
tissue
damage
neuronal
apoptosis,
improved
cerebral
blood
flow
perfusion,
learning,
cognitive
abilities.
attenuated
autophagic
overexpression
following
inhibited
AKT-FOXO4
(forkhead
box
O4)
signaling
pathway.
neuroprotective
effects
by
AKT
pathway
inhibitor
3-MA.
Furthermore,
was
ineffective
siFOXO4
rats.
significantly
reduces
infarction,
neuroinflammation,
caused
HIE,
thereby
exerting
short-
long-term
effects.
Mechanistically,
effect
mediated
activation
may
be
potential
therapy
for
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Abstract
Ketamine,
a
dissociative
anaesthetic,
has
expanded
its
clinical
use
beyond
anaesthesia
to
pain
management
and
treatment‐resistant
depression.
As
an
N
‐methyl‐
d
‐aspartate
receptor
antagonist,
ketamine
disrupts
the
excitatory
neurotransmission
via
interaction
with
opioid,
alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isooxazole‐propionic
acid
serotonin
pathways,
contributing
broad
therapeutic
potential.
However,
is
not
without
risks.
In
patients
insulin
resistance,
ketamine's
effect
on
glucose
metabolism,
mitochondrial
function
oxidative
stress
are
exacerbated.
This
paper
explores
pharmacokinetics,
cardiovascular
impact
cellular
effects
cardiomyocytes,
particularly
in
insulin‐resistant
individuals.
The
findings
discussed
emphasize
importance
of
careful
administration
monitoring
these
vulnerable
populations
balance
benefits
against
potential
risks
underlying
metabolic
or
conditions.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 347 - 347
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases
encompass
a
number
of
very
heterogeneous
disorders,
primarily
characterized
by
neuronal
loss
and
concomitant
decline
in
neurological
function.
Examples
this
type
clinical
condition
are
Alzheimer's
Disease,
Parkinson's
Huntington's
Disease
Amyotrophic
Lateral
Sclerosis.
Age
has
been
identified
as
major
risk
the
etiology
these
which
explains
their
increased
incidence
developed
countries.
Unfortunately,
despite
continued
intensive
efforts,
no
cure
yet
found
for
any
diseases;
reliable
markers
that
allow
an
early
diagnosis
disease
identification
key
molecular
events
leading
to
onset
progression
lacking.
Altered
adult
neurogenesis
appears
precede
appearance
severe
symptoms.
Given
scarcity
human
samples
considerable
differences
with
model
species,
increasingly
complex
stem-cell-based
models
being
developed.
These
shedding
light
on
alterations
contribute
development,
facilitating
new
targets
providing
screening
platform
testing
candidate
drugs.
Moreover,
secretome
other
promising
features
cell
types
explored,
use
them
replacement
cells
high
plasticity
or
co-adjuvant
therapy
combinatorial
treatments.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(8), P. 3915 - 3915
Published: April 21, 2025
Neurological
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
disorders
and
stroke,
represent
significant
medical
challenges
due
to
their
complexity
the
limitations
of
current
treatment
approaches.
This
review
explores
potential
stem
cell
(SC)-derived
exosomes
(Exos)
as
a
transformative
therapeutic
strategy
for
these
diseases.
Exos,
especially
those
derived
from
SCs,
exhibit
natural
targeting
ability,
biocompatibility,
capacity
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
making
them
ideal
vehicles
drug
delivery.
provides
an
in-depth
discussion
properties
advantages
SC-Exos.
It
highlights
synergistic
benefits
in
approaches
treat
neurological
article
discusses
mechanisms
action
SC-Exos,
highlighting
ability
target
specific
cells,
modulate
disease
pathways,
provide
controlled
release
agents.
Applications
have
been
investigated,
demonstrating
improve
outcomes
conditions
such
Alzheimer's
Disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
stroke.
Moreover,
Exos-coated
nanoparticles
(NPs)
combine
Exos
with
multifunctionality
NPs.
integration
takes
advantage
exosome
membrane
biocompatibility
capabilities
while
preserving
NPs'
beneficial
features,
loading
release.
As
result,
NPs
may
enhance
precision,
efficacy,
safety
interventions.
In
conclusion,
SC-Exos
promising
innovative
approach
treating
