Polysaccharides with antioxidant activity: Extraction, beneficial roles, biological mechanisms, structure-function relationships, and future perspectives: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 300, P. 140221 - 140221

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Peonidin-3-O-(3,6-O-dimalonyl-β-D-glucoside), a polyacylated anthocyanin isolated from the black corncobs, alleviates colitis by modulating gut microbiota in DSS-induced mice

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 115688 - 115688

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(6)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are classified into two distinct types based on the area and severity of inflammation: Crohn's disease (CD) ulcerative colitis. In CD, gut bacteria can infiltrate mesenteric fat, causing expansion known as creeping which may limit bacterial spread inflammation but promote fibrosis. The composition varies depending whether colon or ileum is affected. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) transfers feces from a healthy donor to restore balance, often used in IBD patients reduce mucosal repair. use FMT for CD remains uncertain, with insufficient evidence fully endorse it definitive treatment. While some studies suggest improve symptoms, questions about duration these improvements need repeated treatments persist. There pressing methods that provide long-term benefits, highlighted by Wu et al's research.

Language: Английский

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Trifolirhizin: A Phytochemical with Multiple Pharmacological Properties

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Trifolirhizin is an important flavonoid glycoside reported from the roots of medicinal plants such as Astragalus membranaceus, Sophora tonkinensis, Ononis vaginalis, Euchresta formosana, Subprostrate, spinose, and flavescens. It considered one constituents responsible for various properties these plants. Studies have revealed multiple pharmacological trifolirhizin: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-ulcerative colitis, antiasthma, hepatoprotective, osteogenic, skin-whitening, wound-healing, anticancer (against types cancers). Mechanistic studies trifolirhizin showed that it could act on target genes pathways NF-κB-MAPK, EGFR-MAPK, AMPK/mTOR, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These are also implicated in other diseases, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. Initial pharmacokinetic support candidature provide initial track may be pursued its development. Still, a compilation activities missing literature. This review uniquely compiles mechanistic insights trifolirhizin, addressing critical gaps development proposing strategies future research.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Immune Dysregulation and Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Developmental medico-life-sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 13 - 25

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a chronic, debilitating disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome pivotal in maintaining intestinal homeostasis regulating immune function. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, has been increasingly recognized as key factor pathogenesis of IBD, driving chronic inflammation dysregulation. Objectives: This systematic review aims to explore relationship between responses IBD. Specifically, it investigates how dysbiosis contributes disease modulation, evaluates efficacy microbiome-targeted therapies such probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Methods: We conducted comprehensive search PubMed, Scopus, Web Science for studies published 2000 2024. Studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, reviews focused on alterations IBD use interventions. Quality was assessed using Cochrane Risk Bias Tool Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis performed narrative analysis descriptive statistics. Results: Key findings indicate that marked by reduction beneficial taxa Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Akkermansia muciniphila, alongside overgrowth pathogenic microbes like Escherichia coli (AIEC). Microbiome-targeted therapies, including FMT, showed promising results restoring balance, though variable, particularly UC CD. Conclusion: Dysbiosis central pathogenesis. offer potential but require personalized approaches improve treatment efficacy. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies better understanding management

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Understanding molecular mechanisms to facilitate the development of biomarkers for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases and sepsis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 11, 2025

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders include a range of pathological conditions with varying severities and outcomes that impact the integrity function GI tract. These indigestion, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn's disease (CD), malignant tumors. The resulting dysfunction intestinal barrier, leading to impaired permeability, allows for translocation luminal contents, including intact microbes microbial products. This situation can cause severe sepsis potentially fatal if timely intervention is not provided. Advancements in omics technology have facilitated identification evaluation molecular biomarkers diagnosis. encompass genomic (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms), transcriptomic (including non-coding RNAs), epigenetic DNA methylation), proteomic, metabolomic, microbiome (Dalal et al., 2020;Sahoo 2022bSahoo , 2024a) ) (Figure 1). hold significant clinical potential improving diagnosis, prognosis, treatment strategies patients sepsis. For diagnosing sepsis, addition lactate as widely utilized biomarker, other surrogate markers, such C-reactive protein (CRP) procalcitonin, which are produced response infection inflammation, may assist identifying at risk developing before organ occurs (Faix, 2013). As oxidative stress (OS) plays key role progression septic shock multiple failure (Sahoo 2024b;Wong 2025), OS markers associated specifically, superoxide dismutase, soluble endoglin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, neopterin, merit further investigation (Helan 2022). Several emerging microRNA-486-5p, circular RNAs (circRNAs), HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA (a lncRNA located on chromosome 7q15.2), C vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein), prokineticin 2, triiodothyronine also enhancing early detection prognostic assessment high sensitivity specificity (He 2024).Mendelian randomization (MR) examines causal effects modifiable exposures, factors, health by utilizing genetic variants linked those specific exposures (Richmond, MR analysis Zhang al. showed CMPF (3-carboxy-4-methyl-5propyl-2-furanpropanoate) has an association 28-day all-cause mortality cases metabolic pathway alpha-linolenic acid linoleic was identified crucial factor development study Ye demonstrated levels suppression tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) blood diagnostic implications Moreover, sST2 comparable predictive capability SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) APACHE II (Acute Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores had greater than lactic assessing prognosis Jin used single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) several PIM1 (proviral integration site Moloney murine leukemia virus kinase 1), HIST1H1C (Histone Cluster 1 H1 Family Member C), IGSF6 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily 6). involvement modulating immune-inflammatory during verified through experimental validation, indicating promising novel therapeutic target.The endoscopic suspected IBD collection mucosal biopsies histopathological confirmation continues be gold standard establishing efficacy, post-operative recurrence; however, it costs invasiveness. Biomarkers enable non-invasive evaluation, fecal calprotectin being most frequently current practice. T>C substitution SNPs affect functionality DLG5 (discs large homolog 5) protein, along lack CARD15/NOD2 (caspase recruitment domain family number 15/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) CD pathogenesis, could serve (Dudzińska 2018). (microbial markers) been reported. example, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii its phylogroups elevated Escherichia coli counts Akkermansia muciniphila pediatric Additionally, reductions Firmicutes (Clostridiales) correlate severity, while increased abundance Lactobacilllaceae Enterococcaceae families, well genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Eggerthella, noted UC (Wang 2024). In dogs CIE, there notable dysbiotic profile both bacteria, marked reduction Clostridium Bacteroides increase Enterobacteriaceae 2022a).The regulation gene expression mediated microRNA (miRNA) essential appropriate functioning intestine (Shanahan 2021). Numerous studies effectively unique miRNA profiles indicate upregulation or downregulation one more miRNAs biopsy samples from (James, 2020) affected chronic enteropathy (CIE) 2024a). colonic mucosa active shown overexpress miRNAs, miR-21, miR-150, miR-155, like miR-143 miR-145 when compared healthy controls (Alghoul Comparing controls, miR-196 miR-7 differential saliva, blood, colon tissue analyzed (Schaefer 2015). research highlighted (specifically, miR-31, miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p) exhibiting changes across all three sample types comparing non-IBD Recent methylation genes contributes pathogenesis IBD, implying their utility (Cooke 2012;Nimmo 2012). A comprehensive patterns genome, performed rectal biopsies, revealed signatures, Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANCC), thyroid hormone receptor-associated (THRAP2), globoside alpha-1,3-Nacetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GBGT1), tumor necrosis ligand superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), 12 (TNFSF12), docking (DOK2), fucosyltransferase 7 (FUT7). exhibited differences specimens individuals Response infliximab resulted decreases macrophage-derived cluster differentiation 14 (CD14) CD86 levels, chemokine CCL2 (Magnusson 2015), highlighting monitor treatment.The Song employing suggests interleukin-13 (IL-13) pathophysiology (CD UC). Whereas macrophage migration inhibitory appears specifically related CD, stem cell likely play Another Qian gastric cancer exhibit decreased tryptophan, nonadecanoate (19:0), erythritol. Zhu employed GPBAR1 (G protein-coupled bile receptor IL1RL1 (Interleukin receptor-like PRKCB (Protein Kinase Beta), PNMT (Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) IBD. protective effect against GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase GPBAR1, implicated UC. scRNA-seq Keever-Keigher common were observed disorders, extensive MTRNR2L8 (MT-RNR2 Like 8) various types. XIST (X Inactive Specific Transcript) different Th2 (T helper 2)-associated eosinophilic noteworthy.Colorectal (CRC) neoplasia. To facilitate CRC, minimally invasive reproducible technique known liquid (LB) established. method isolates cancer-derived components patients' peripheral and/or body fluids, circulating cells (CTC), miRNA, long (lncRNAs), (ctDNA) (Zhang 2023). Heat-shock 27 (Hsp27) expressed explicitly well-differentiated CRC biomarkers, epidermal growth (EGFR), B (AKT), human (ERBB2) (Gan 2014). Glutathione S-transferase pi1 (GSTP1) KTR8 overexpressed poorly differentiated CRCs. contrast, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), tubulin beta chain (TUBB), fatty acid-binding (FABP1) upregulated exclusively welldifferentiated Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-A) Circular (circRNAs) hsa_circ_001978, hsa_circ_103627, hsa_circ_105039, circ_0124554 indicators diagnosis CRC. Levels serum miR-29a, miR-125b differentiate colorectal neoplasia ones (Yamada Serum miR-92a, miR-182S, miR-223, miR-17-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-18b-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-127-3p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181a-5p screening CircRNAs synergize proteins RNAs, circ_0000523 methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), enhance accuracy 2022).Carcinoembryonic (CEA) carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9) currently primary conducted Dai indicates overall survival rate disease-free progressively decline increasing positive after surgical intervention. Nomograms pre-and postoperative CEA CA19-9 demonstrate predicting recurrence stage I-III following radical surgery, significantly outperforming American Joint Committee Cancer (AJCC) 8th Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage. Rad highlights machine learning algorithms recurrence, examining least serial measurements necessary accurate prediction recurrence. Pan involved retrospective data 36,708 who underwent gastroscopy colonoscopy between 2005 2022. Conventional adenomas (CAs), serrated polyps (SPs), non-adenomatous (NAPs), Helicobacter pylori older age. presence moderate metaplasia NAP CAs. found low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, whereas high-grade correlation advanced pathology CRC.In individual without signs, biomarker panels resource identify recognize precancerous conditions. symptomatic patients, these help cancerous benign states. Furthermore, undergoing procedures, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, valuable tools evaluating success elimination (complete resection remission) Identifying validating optimal step, offers considerable personalized medicine outcomes. However, into they

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Antibiotic Therapy on Intestinal Microbiota: Dysbiosis, Antibiotic Resistance, and Restoration Strategies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 371 - 371

Published: April 3, 2025

The human gut microbiota—an intricate and dynamic ecosystem—plays a pivotal role in metabolic regulation, immune modulation, the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Although antibiotic therapy is indispensable for managing bacterial infections, it profoundly disrupts microbial communities. Such dysbiosis typified by diminished diversity shifts community structure, especially among beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium Eubacterium), fosters antibiotic-resistant strains horizontal transfer resistance genes. These alterations compromise colonization resistance, increase permeability, amplify susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens like Clostridioides difficile. Beyond gastrointestinal disorders, emerging evidence associates with systemic conditions, including chronic inflammation, syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring relevance microbiota–gut–brain axis. recovery pre-existing communities post-antibiotic highly variable, influenced drug spectrum, dosage, treatment duration. Innovative interventions—such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, synbiotics, precision microbiome therapeutics—have shown promise counteracting mitigating its adverse effects. therapies align closely stewardship programs aimed at minimizing unnecessary use preserve curtail spread multidrug-resistant organisms. This review emphasizes pressing need microbiota-centered strategies optimize administration, promote long-term health resilience, alleviate disease burden associated antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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The Crucial Role of Vitamin D in Regulating Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Recent Progress in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 05(02), P. 1 - 8

Published: April 8, 2025

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both Crohn's (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), particularly Western countries. This chronic condition is intricately linked to composition health gut microbiota (GM) — a complex community microorganisms residing gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite extensive research, underlying pathogenesis IBD remains poorly understood, making it wide area investigation. review aims provide comprehensive exploration relationship between GM onset progression IBD. A key focus nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) pathway, plays crucial role immune response bacteria may influence susceptibility Through current literature, attempt was made understand how microbiome imbalance – dysbiosis can trigger processes associated with Moreover, this highlights vitamin D (VitD), fat-soluble that often deficient individuals affected by Research suggests VitD deficiency impair system disrupt health, contributing severity. Additionally, growing body evidence indicates metabolism involved NOD2 regulation. supplementation could potentially act as therapeutic strategy for managing IBD, alleviating symptoms enhancing overall health. study improve our understanding connection bacteria, system, nutrition, ultimately paving way more effective prevention treatment strategies

Language: Английский

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The effects of probiotic treatment with Bifidobacterium breve, Bif195 for small intestinal Crohn’s disease and the gut microbiome: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Gut Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Decoding IBD Progression: A Dynamic Biomarker Atlas for Personalized Disease Stratification

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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