Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

A significant proportion of patients who sustain a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury endorse persisting, lingering symptoms. The symptoms associated with concussion are nonspecific, and many other medical conditions present similar Medical that overlap symptomatically include anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic pain, fatigue, fibromyalgia, cervical strain injuries. One the factors may account for these similarities is all disturbances in optimal functioning autonomic nervous system its intricate interactions endocrine immune system—the three primary regulatory systems body. When clinicians working presenting persisting after concussion, evidence-based treatment options drawn from literature limited. We framework assessment following based on available evidence (treatment trials), neuroanatomical principles (research into physiology concussion), clinical judgment. review research supporting premise behavioral interventions designed to stabilize optimize body have potential reduce improve patients. Foundational rehabilitation strategies areas sleep stabilization, fatigue management, physical exercise, nutrition, relaxation protocols, activation outlined along practical implementing intervention modules

Language: Английский

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Microglial priming by IFN‐γ involves STAT1‐mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Background Inflammatory and immune responses in the brain that contribute to various neuropsychiatric disorders may begin as microglial “priming”. Interferon (IFN)‐γ is known cause priming, but mechanism unclear. Methods We examined effects of IFN‐γ on gene expression, activation, inflammatory activity NLRP3 inflammasome primary microglia brains mice. Results Our results showed treating cultures with induced a hedgehog‐like morphology upregulated markers activation (CD86, CD11b) pro‐inflammatory molecules (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, iNOS), while downregulating homeostasis (CX3CR1, CD200R1), anti‐inflammatory (MCR1, Arg‐1) neurotrophic factors (IGF‐1, BDNF). also (NLRP3, caspase‐1, gasdermin D, IL‐18). This particular transcriptional profiling makes IFN‐γ‐primed exaggerated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The level NLRP3, IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α iNOS treated both LPS were highest than either one alone. Injecting into lateral ventricle mice similar morphological functional changes hippocampal cultures. from or hippocampus abolished when STAT1 was inhibited using fludarabin. alone together anxiety‐ depression‐like behaviors impaired hippocampus‐dependent spatial memory; these mitigated by Conclusions primes activating STAT1, which upregulates genes activate inflammasome. Inhibiting IFN‐γ/STAT1 axis be way treat neurodegenerative diseases psychiatric involve priming.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Headache in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2024

Headache management after acute brain injury (ABI) is challenging. While opioids are commonly used, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) may be promising alternatives. However, concerns about cardiovascular effects and bleeding risk have limited their use. We aimed at summarizing available data on efficacy of COXIBs for headache following ABI.

Language: Английский

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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Elective Cranial Neurosurgery: Results from a Systematic Review of Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Acute Brain Injury

Neurocritical Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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