Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This study innovatively introduced two deep eutectic solvents (DES), ChCl/oxalic acid (CO) and ChCl/ethylene glycol (CE), into a 34-day co-composting process of distillery sludge (DS) distiller's grains waste (DGW) to address ammonia emissions challenges. The addition DES increased dissolved organic carbon by 67.60% 91.63%, offering more utilizable for microorganisms. SYTO9/PI staining enzyme activity tests showed CE had higher bacterial metabolic levels during the thermophilic phase than control (CK). Bacterial community analysis revealed that early dominance Lactobacillus Lysinibacillus in accelerated onset phase, reduced pile pH, significantly decreased urease production reducing Ureibacillus. Consequently, treatment led substantial drop 73.43% nitrogen loss 53.84%, compared CK. Besides, fostered abundant functional microbial cooling maturation phases, enhancing degradation humification matter.

Language: Английский