Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
The
excessive
use
of
fossil
fuels
has
significantly
increased
environmental
stress,
driving
the
need
for
green,
sustainable
biofuel
alternatives.
Innovations
in
photocatalysis
(PC),
electrocatalysis
(EC),
and
their
synergistic
approaches,
like
photothermal
catalysis
(PTC),
photo‐enzymatic
(PENC),
photoelectrocatalysis
(PEC),
offer
advanced
methods
biomass
conversion
into
biofuels,
surpassing
traditional
limitations.
However,
comprehensive
research
on
these
processes
is
still
lacking.
This
review
aims
to
systematically
analyze
recent
progress
catalytic
strategies
biomass‐to‐biofuel
conversion.
It
first
describes
characteristics,
types,
properties
biofuels.
Then,
it
explores
fundamental
mechanisms
PC,
EC,
combined
technologies.
chemical
pathways
involved
conversion—such
as
transesterification,
esterification,
hydrogenation,
decarboxylation,
bond
cleavage,
cyclization—are
examined.
Efficient
catalyst
design
specific
reactions
factors
influencing
efficiency
rates
are
also
discussed.
Additionally,
this
paper
assesses
impact
economic
benefits
green
technology
production,
offering
a
valuable
reference
energy
application.
addresses
challenges
deployment
production
suggests
future
directions,
aiming
provide
scientific
guidance
technical
support
development
vital
field.
In
summary,
underscores
importance
continued
innovation
promote
solutions.
Green Energy and Resources,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(3), P. 100032 - 100032
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
It
is
no
longer
unfamiliar
to
the
world
that
usage
of
fossil-derived
fuel
accompanied
by
several
downsides,
including
environmental
fatality
associated
with
toxic
gas
emissions
from
diesel
engines
and
recurring
surging
price
fuel.
The
concern
regarding
exploitation
natural
resources
subsequent
threats
has
caught
attention
all
nations.
Therefore,
scientists
have
stepped
forward
come
up
most
suitable
alternative
conventional
They
utilized
abundance
oil
feedstocks
performed
transesterification
reactions
short-chain
alcohols
produce
less
toxic,
eco-friendly
termed
Biodiesel
which
was
considered
be
a
viable
substitute.
In
order
carry
out
reaction
feasibly,
certain
homogeneous
heterogeneous
catalysts
were
employed.
Heterogeneous
got
more
recognition
among
researchers;
however,
many
these
did
not
attain
large-scale
production.
Among
catalysts,
calcium
oxide
(CaO)
appeared
one
solid
base
for
biodiesel
synthesis.
CaO
can
derived
chemically
as
well
sources
such
chicken
eggshells,
snail
shells,
biont
shells
more.
exhibits
high
catalytic
activity
perform
reactions.
Additionally,
cheap
catalyst
also
used
support
material
various
systems.
Constructing
effective
CaO-based
industrial
production
unlocks
scope
process
advancements
in
this
area.
This
paper
aims
review
performances
recently
reported
solid-base
systems
biodiesel.
Moreover,
preparation
conditions,
parameters,
properties
obtained,
advantages
disadvantages,
life
cycle
assessment,
circular
economy
discussed.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 2654 - 2689
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
The
rapid
depletion
of
fossil-derived
fuels
along
with
rising
environmental
pollution
have
motivated
academics
and
manufacturers
to
pursue
more
environmentally
friendly
sustainable
energy
options
in
today's
globe.
Biodiesel
has
developed
as
an
ecologically
favorable
alternative.
However,
the
mass
manufacturing
biodiesel
on
industrial
scale
confronts
substantial
cost
pricing
challenges.
To
address
this
issue,
high-efficiency
catalysts
a
large
number
active
sites
are
needed,
resulting
increased
output
quality.
Metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
received
lot
interest
catalyst
for
converting
oils/fats
or
fatty
acids
into
biodiesel.
MOFs
polyporous
materials
that
can
alter
pore
size
well
topological
structure.
They
serve
versatile
foundation
designing
satisfy
unique
needs
catalytic
reactions
conversion
pathways.
purpose
current
work
is
shed
light
underlying
mechanisms
essential
properties
MOF-based
used
synthesis.
In
addition,
several
methods
connecting
inside
scrutinized,
while
usability
production
process
completely
compared
other
catalysts.
More
importantly,
limits
future
research
directions
about
utilization
synthesis
route
also
critically
presented.
general,
review
contributes
improved
awareness
potential
sector
by
investigating
primary
mechanism
characteristics
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 766 - 766
Published: April 18, 2023
Hydrogen
is
considered
one
of
the
most
important
forms
energy
for
future,
as
it
can
be
generated
from
renewable
sources
and
reduce
CO2
emissions.
In
this
review,
different
thermochemical
techniques
that
are
currently
used
production
hydrogen
biomass
plantations
or
crops,
well
those
industrial
agro-industrial
processes,
were
analyzed,
such
gasification,
liquefaction,
pyrolysis.
addition,
yields
obtained
reactors,
reaction
conditions,
catalysts
in
each
process
presented.
Furthermore,
a
brief
comparison
between
methods
made
to
identify
pros
cons
current
technologies.
