The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
954, P. 176759 - 176759
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
Lubricants
are
indispensable
in
the
modern
economy
for
controlling
friction
and
wear
across
many
industries.
Traditional
lubricants
derived
from
petroleum
crude
can
cause
significant
ecological
impact
if
released
into
environment.
Microalgae
have
emerged
as
a
potential
alternative
to
producing
renewable
environmentally
friendly
biolubricants.
This
review
systematically
assesses
recent
developments
microalgal-based
biolubricant
production,
including
tribological
performance,
microalgae
selection,
cultivation,
harvesting,
lipid
polysaccharide
extraction
conversion
biolubricants,
market
development.
Compared
petroleum-based
terms
of
properties,
biolubricants
compatible
with
most
emerging
applications,
such
electric
vehicles
wind
turbines.
Nevertheless,
they
less
thermally
chemically
stable,
thus,
may
not
be
suitable
some
traditional
applications
internal
combustion
engines.
Literature
data
corroborated
this
study
reveals
an
urgent
need
further
research
scale
up
production
lower
cost
biomass
harvesting.
While
technologies
converting
microalgae-derived
lipids
appear
well
established,
additional
work
is
necessary
also
utilize
polysaccharides
another
key
ingredient
especially
low-temperature
applications.
Extraction
methods
established
but
needed
reduce
impact,
green
solvents
solvent
consumption.
Additionally,
future
should
delve
use
nanoparticles
effective
additives
obtain
microalgae-based
superior
properties.
Finally,
it
essential
standardize
labeling
system
establish
global
market.
The
wide
metabolic
diversity
of
microalgae,
their
fast
growth
rates,
and
cost-effective
production
make
these
organisms
highly
promising
resources
for
a
variety
biotechnological
applications,
addressing
critical
needs
in
industry,
agriculture,
medicine.
utilization
microalgae
consortia
with
bacteria
is
proving
to
be
valuable
different
fields,
including
treating
various
types
wastewaters,
producing
biofertilizers,
extracting
products
from
biomass.
Monoculture
the
Chlamydomonas
has
been
prominent
research
model
many
years,
extensively
utilized
studying
photosynthesis,
sulfur
phosphorus
metabolism,
nitrogen
respiration,
flagella
synthesis,
among
others.
Recent
re-search
increasingly
recognized
potential
Chlamydomonas-bacteria
as
bio-technological
tool
applications.
Bioremediation
wastewater
using
Chlamydomonas,
its
bacterial
presents
significant
sustainable
reduction
contam-inants,
while
also
facilitating
resource
recovery
valorization
microalgal
Using
biofertilizers
can
offers
several
benefits,
such
en-hancing
crop
yield,
protecting
crops,
maintaining
soil
fertility
stability,
aiding
CO2
miti-gation,
contributing
agriculture
practices.
Chlamydomonas-bacterial
play
role
high-value
products,
particularly
biofuel
H2
production.
This
review
aims
achieve
comprehensive
understanding
po-tential
monoculture
consortia,
identifying
current
proposing
new
development
directions
maximize
potential.
Journal of The Royal Society Interface,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(222)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
design
of
photobioreactors
for
microalgae
cultivation
aims
to
achieve
an
architecture
that
allows
the
most
efficient
photosynthetic
growth.
availability
light
at
wavelengths
are
important
photosynthesis
is
therefore
particularly
crucial
reactor
design.
While
testing
different
types
in
practice
expensive,
simulations
could
effectively
limit
range
material
and
options.
In
this
study,
procedural
three-dimensional
modelling
together
with
ray
tracing
was
used
create
virtual
models
a
conventional
glass
photobioreactor
lit
from
outside
steel
embedded
sources.
measured
transmittance
reflectance
Chlorella
vulgaris
culture
were
as
basis
interaction
simulation,
spectral
images
same
species
validate
simulation
results.
This
type
have
potential
comparing
architectures,
geometries
attenuation
facilitate
transition
large-scale
cultivation.
Our
results
show
proposed
simulator
usable
geometry
well
estimation
available
illumination
on
where
strong
absorption
peaks,
but
handling
scattering
still
needs
improvement.
To
authors’
best
knowledge,
first
attempt,
not
focused
specific
use
case,
build
general
tool
capable
estimating
hyperspectral
suspension.
All
software
code
datasets
made
reader
open
source.
