Optimization of Selected Parameters in Vertical, Horizontal, and Hybrid Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems for Improving the Treatment Efficiency of Textile and Sewage Effluents

Water, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 402 - 402

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Constructed wetland systems (CWSs) can offer cost-effective wastewater treatment in developing countries like Pakistan. This study focused on optimizing design and operational parameters of CWSs horizontal surface flow (HSF), vertical (VSF), hybrid mesocosms for treating sewage textile effluents using local hydrophytes: Lemna minor, Typha latifolia, Eichhornia crassipes. Pollutants heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) were removed under different configurations, bedding materials, hydrophyte species, hydraulic retention times (HRT) to optimize the overall contaminant removal efficiency (RE). Key findings indicated that CWS achieved a maximum RE 63.62% total suspended solids (TSS) 57.9% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at an HRT 3 days, with efficiencies declining longer times. Additionally, system showed metal removal, Cd Cr reaching 75.2% 70.5%, respectively. The also highlighted critical role species RE. Furthermore, choice significantly influenced pollutant cells containing mixed hydrophytes achieving highest (63.62%), followed by crassipes high (643.33 mgkg−1) (1103.72 uptake. A lower days resulted 57.5%, which decreased HRTs (from 6 9 days). Optimizing is crucial maximizing potential.

Language: Английский

Structural and Functional Characteristics of Soil Microbial Communities in Forest–Wetland Ecotones: A Case Study of the Lesser Khingan Mountains

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 570 - 570

Published: April 1, 2025

Soil microorganisms play an essential role in vegetation succession, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem restoration. This study investigates the responses of soil microbial communities to ecological transitions from forest wetland Lesser Khingan Mountains, including mixed forest, conifer edge, natural wetland. The results indicated that soils were weakly acidic contained significantly higher organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus compared other soils. bulk density increased with depth. Actinobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria dominated soils, respectively, showing minimal variation between depths. Principal component analysis non-metric multidimensional scaling demonstrated distinct bacterial wetlands edges. Redundancy revealed differed 15 cm 30 layers, influenced by potassium, density, carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen. Bacteroidota abundances correlated positively nutrients, while Acidobacteriota Verrucomicrobiota negatively potassium. Chemotrophic aerobic bacteria whereas fermentation-related anaerobic prevalent highlights how properties shape their functions.

Language: Английский