Organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies for biomedical research and drug development: A focus on the vasculature

Smart Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Current biomedical models fail to replicate the complexity of human biology. Consequently, almost 90% drug candidates during clinical trials after decades research and billions investments in development. Despite their physiological similarities, animal often misrepresent responses, instead, trigger ethical societal debates regarding use. The overall aim across regulatory entities worldwide is replace, reduce, refine use experimentation, a concept known as Three Rs principle. In response, researchers develop experimental alternatives improve biological relevance vitro through interdisciplinary approaches. This article highlights emerging organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies, also microphysiological systems, with focus on vasculature. cardiovascular system transports all necessary substances, including drugs, throughout body while charge thermal regulation communication between other organ systems. addition, we discuss benefits, limitations, challenges widespread new models. Coupled patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells, technologies are future discovery, development, personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

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Gut-on-a-chip for disease models

Journal of Tissue Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The intestinal tract is a vital organ responsible for digestion and absorption in the human body plays an essential role pathogen invasion. Compared with other traditional models, gut-on-a-chip has many unique advantages, thereby, it can be considered as novel model studying functions diseases. Based on chip design, we replicate vivo microenvironment of intestine study effects individual variables experiment. In recent years, been used to several To better mimic microenvironment, structure function are constantly optimised improved. Owing complexity disease mechanism, conjunction chips. this review, summarise well development improvement gut-on-a-chip. Finally, present discuss applications inflammatory bowel (IBD), viral infections phenylketonuria. Further simulation high throughput realisation personalised treatments problems that should solved model.

Language: Английский

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Polymeric and biological membranes for organ-on-a-chip devices

Microsystems & Nanoengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Membranes are fundamental elements within organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, as they provide adherent cells with support, allow nutrients (and other relevant molecules) to permeate/exchange through membrane pores, and enable the delivery of mechanical or chemical stimuli. Through OOC physiological processes can be studied in vitro, whereas membranes broaden knowledge how cues affect organs. OOCs vitro microfluidic models that used replace animal testing for various applications, such drug discovery disease modeling. In this review, relevance is discussed well their scaffold actuation roles, properties (physical material), fabrication methods different organ models. The purpose was aid readers selection development specific applications fields mechanistic, pathological, studies. Mechanical stimulation from liquid flow cyclic strain, effects on cell's increased (IPR), described first section. review also contains fabricate synthetic ECM (extracellular matrix) protein membranes, characteristics (e.g., thickness porosity, which adjusted depending application, shown graphical abstract), biological materials coatings. discussion section joins describes roles research purposes advantages challenges.

Language: Английский

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In vitro modelling of bacterial pneumonia: a comparative analysis of widely applied complex cell culture models

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Bacterial pneumonia greatly contributes to the disease burden and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections among all age groups risk profiles. Therefore, laboratory modelling bacterial remains important for elucidating complex host–pathogen interactions determine drug efficacy toxicity. In vitro cell culture enables creation high-throughput, specific models in a tightly controlled environment. Advanced human specifically, can bridge research gap between classical two-dimensional animal models. This review provides an overview current status development cellular study infections, with focus on air–liquid interface models, spheroid, organoid, lung-on-a-chip For wide scale, comparative literature search, we selected six clinically highly relevant bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus Staphylococcus aureus). We reviewed lines that are commonly used, as well trends discrepancies methodology, ranging from infection parameters assay read-outs. also highlighted importance model validation data transparency guiding field towards more

Language: Английский

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A 3D bioprinted hydrogel gut-on-chip with integrated electrodes for transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements

Biofabrication, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 035008 - 035008

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Conventional gut-on-chip (GOC) models typically represent the epithelial layer of gut tissue, neglecting other important components such as stromal compartment and extracellular matrix (ECM) that play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity function. These often employ hard, flat porous membranes for cell culture, thus failing to recapitulate soft environment complex 3D architecture mucosa. Alternatively, hydrogels have been recently introduced GOCs ECM analogs support co-culture cells vivo -like configurations, opening new opportunities organ-on-chip field. In this work, we present an innovative GOC device includes a bioprinted hydrogel channel replicating villi containing both compartments The successfully encapsulation fibroblasts their with under physiological flow conditions. Moreover, integrated electrodes into microfluidic system monitor formation real time via transepithelial electrical resistance measurements.

Language: Английский

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Lab-on-chip technologies for exploring the gut–immune axis in metabolic disease

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 1266 - 1292

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Further development of lab-on-chip platforms is required to create an environment capable hosting more complex microbiota and immune cells.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Integrated Organ‐Chip Sensing Toward Robust and User‐Friendly Systems

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 113(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Organs-on-a-chip (OOC) are an emergent technology that bridge the gap between current in vitro and vivo models used to inform drug discovery investigate disease pathophysiology. These systems offer improved bio-relevance controlled complexity through integration of physical and/or chemical stimuli matched physiologically relevant conditions. Although significant advancements have been made toward recreating organ-specific physiology on chip, methods available study structure function cell microenvironment still limited. Established analysis approaches, including fluorescence microscopy, rely laborious offline workflows yield limited time-point data. As OOC field continues evolve, there is a unique opportunity engineer characterization into organ-chip devices. This review provides overview integrated sensing approaches address limitations enable real-time readout physiological parameters OOC.

Language: Английский

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The Progress of Intestinal Epithelial Models from Cell Lines to Gut-On-Chip

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(24), P. 13472 - 13472

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Over the past years, several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed that helped to understand some of critical aspects intestinal functions health disease such as inflammatory bowel (IBD). However, translation human situation remains problematic. The main reason for this is these approaches fail fully reflect multifactorial complex environment (e.g., including microbiota, nutrition, immune response) gut system. Although conventional cell lines, Ussing chamber, everted sac are still used, increasingly more sophisticated over years organoids, InTESTine™ microfluidic gut-on-chip. In review, we gathered most recent insights on setup, advantages, limitations, future perspectives frequently used study physiology disease.

Language: Английский

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Microfluidic-Based Oxygen (O2) Sensors for On-Chip Monitoring of Cell, Tissue and Organ Metabolism

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 6 - 6

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Oxygen (O2) quantification is essential for assessing cell metabolism, and its consumption in culture an important indicator of viability. Recent advances microfluidics have made O2 sensing a crucial feature organ-on-chip (OOC) devices various biomedical applications. OOC sensors can be categorized, based on their transducer type, into two main groups, optical electrochemical. In this review, we provide overview on-chip integrated with the evaluate advantages disadvantages. innovations OOCs are discussed four categories: (i) basic luminescence-based sensors; (ii) microparticle-based (iii) nano-enabled (iv) commercial probes portable devices. Furthermore, discuss recent advancements electrochemical five novel configurations Clark-type materials (e.g., polymers, scavenging passivation materials); designs fabrication techniques; (v) readouts. Together, review provides comprehensive current design, application sensors.

Language: Английский

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Synovial joint-on-a-chip for modeling arthritis: progress, pitfalls, and potential

Trends in biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 511 - 527

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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