Mycoplasma bovis : A review of vaccination and diagnostic initiatives

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle constitute a worldwide problem with significant detrimental economic impacts on industry. Mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders are its clinical manifestations. Presently, no vaccines commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic sensitivity testing needs to be improved; new rapid diagnosis kits eminent for implementation of treatment antimicrobials. We conducted systematic search databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google Scholar, AGRIS African Journals Online (AJOL), from 1995 2024. Searched keywords, as, bovis, M : vaccine development, techniques strain variability using the predefined criteria were used address review objectives. Although they have preventative function, – killed, live attenuated, subunit types face difficulties because M. strains vary widely. Every approach has own set benefits drawbacks, those that been studies include conventional culture identification, serological testing, immunohistochemical demonstration tissues, sophisticated molecular like PCR, qPCR, next-generation sequencing. For early detection, successful treatment, vaccination efficacy monitoring, accurate crucial. Future directions managing -associated diseases improving accessibility creating broad-spectrum vaccinations. By incorporating these developments, it may possible enhance health cattle, promote sustainability livestock production, increase food security. This points urgent need further research innovation advancement support

Language: Английский

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Point-of-Care Testing: The Convergence of Innovation and Accessibility in Diagnostics

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Over the years, evolution of point-of-care testing (POCT) has been driven by technological advancements in materials, design, and artificial intelligence, as well breakthrough developments wearable technologies. These innovations are shifting diagnostics from centralized medical facilities to individual homes, meeting growing demand for personalized healthcare. This Review explores recent binding-based assay technologies over past two focusing on platforms such traditional flow assays (lateral vertical flow), fully integrated microfluidic devices, biosensor-integrated systems POCT applications. It emphasizes role optical electrochemical detection methods, which essential ensuring sensitivity, specificity, reliability required a POCT. offer advantages including ease use, high diagnostic accuracy, rapid clinical assessment, cost-effectiveness manufacturing consumables. Additionally, highlights current challenges future perspectives delivering healthcare through portable that operate sample-in, result-out basis.

Language: Английский

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Microneedle Combined with an Electrochemical Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip for Highly Sensitive and Wide-Range Detection of Protein Biomarkers by Increasing the Reaction Contact Area

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

Electrochemical lateral flow immunoassay (eLFIA) strips have been widely used in sensitive, rapid, and quantitative detection of the disease biomarkers. However, due to short electron tunneling distance (<10 nm), traditional planar electrode (PE)-based eLFIA strip is blind electroactive probes distributed micrometer-thick immunoreaction-completed nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. Herein, a microneedle (MNE) was prepared served as working eLFIA. With unique sharp needle structure, MNE can easily pierce NC membrane reinforce contact between membrane, thus spatially increasing deepness reaction area. Compared with PE-based eLFIA, this design enables more embedded participate electrochemical reaction, generating larger current signal. In conjunction using an signal amplification strategy based on horseradish peroxidase, low limit (LOD) (0.96 pg mL-1) wide linear range (25-300 were obtained C-reactive protein. Furthermore, MNE-based behaved well analysis clinical samples. We believe it holds great promise next-generation point-of-care platform high sensitivity for fast biomarker detection.

Language: Английский

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Advancing CRISPR-Based Solutions for COVID-19 Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 1794 - 1794

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, a variety diagnostic approaches, including RT-qPCR, RAPID, and LFA, have been adopted, with RT-qPCR emerging as gold standard. However, significant challenge in diagnostics is wide range symptoms presented by patients, necessitating early accurate diagnosis for effective management. Although precise molecular technique, it not immune to false-negative results. In contrast, CRISPR-based detection methods SARS-CoV-2 offer several advantages: they are cost-effective, time-efficient, highly sensitive, specific, do require sophisticated instruments. These also show promise scalability, enabling tests. CRISPR technology can be customized target any genomic region interest, making versatile tool applications beyond diagnostics, therapeutic development. The CRISPR/Cas systems provide gene targeting immense potential creating next-generation therapeutics. One key advantages CRISPR/Cas-based therapeutics ability perform multiplexing, where different sgRNAs or crRNAs multiple sites within same gene, reducing likelihood viral escape mutants. Among various systems, CRISPR/Cas13 CARVER (Cas13-assisted restriction expression readout) particularly promising. broad single-stranded RNA viruses, them suitable treatment diseases, SARS-CoV-2. efficacy safety must thoroughly evaluated pre-clinical clinical settings. While biotechnologies yet fully harnessed control current there an optimism that limitations system overcome soon. This review discusses how strategies revolutionize disease development, better preparing us future threats.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Trends in Integrated Digital Microfluidic Platforms for Next-Generation Immunoassays

Micromachines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 1358 - 1358

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Technologies based on digital microfluidics (DMF) have made significant advancements in the automated manipulation of microscale liquids and complex multistep processes. Due to their numerous benefits, such as automation, speed, cost-effectiveness, minimal sample volume requirements, these systems are particularly well suited for immunoassays. In this review, an overview is provided diverse DMF platforms applications immunological analysis. Initially, droplet-driven electrowetting dielectric (EWOD), magnetic manipulation, surface acoustic wave (SAW), other related technologies briefly introduced. The preparation then described, including material selection, fabrication techniques droplet generation. Subsequently, a comprehensive account integration with various immunoassay offered, encompassing colorimetric, direct chemiluminescence, enzymatic electrosensory, Ultimately, potential challenges future perspectives burgeoning field delved into.

Language: Английский

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