Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 478 - 478

Published: March 20, 2024

Healthcare faces a major problem with the increased emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to over-prescribing antibiotics. Bacteriophages may provide solution treatment bacterial infections given their specificity. Enzymes such as endolysins, exolysins, endopeptidases, endosialidases, and depolymerases produced by phages interact surfaces, cell wall components, exopolysaccharides, even destroy biofilms. Enzymatic cleavage host envelope components exposes specific receptors required for phage adhesion. Gram-positive bacteria are susceptible infiltration through peptidoglycan, teichoic acid (WTA), lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), flagella. In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), pili, capsules serve targets. Defense mechanisms used differ include physical barriers (e.g., capsules) or endogenous clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) systems. Phage proteins stimulate immune responses against pathogens improve antibiotic susceptibility. This review discusses attachment cells, penetration use in infections, limitations therapy. The therapeutic potential phage-derived impact that genomically engineered have summarized.

Language: Английский

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Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 101028 - 101028

Published: March 24, 2024

The expansion applications of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) among optical nanomaterial field have long posed a challenge for researchers, promoting their intelligent application in multifunctional nano-imaging systems and integrated nanomedicine carriers diagnosis treatment. Despite notable progress, several inadequacies still persist the Pdots, including development simplified near-infrared (NIR) nanoprobes, elucidation inherent biological behavior, integration information processing nanotechnology into biomedical applications. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate current status Pdots as classical nanophotonic material by discussing its advantages limitations terms biocompatibility, adaptability microenvironments vivo, etc. Multifunctional surface chemistry play crucial roles realizing Pdots. Information visualization based on physicochemical properties is pivotal achieving detection, sensing, labeling probes. Therefore, we refined underlying mechanisms constructed multiple comprehensive original mechanism summaries establish benchmark. Additionally, explored cross-linking interactions between nanomedicine, potential yet complete metabolic pathways, future research directions, innovative solutions integrating treatment strategies. presents possible expectations valuable insights advancing specifically from chemical, medical, photophysical practitioners' standpoints.

Language: Английский

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Endolysins as Effective Agents for Decontaminating S. typhimurium, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes on Mung Bean Seeds

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 2047 - 2047

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Seeds are a major source of contamination by foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, significantly increasing the risk diseases associated with fresh produce like sprouts. In this study, we described novel endolysins engineered variants that exhibited potent bactericidal activity against these pathogens. These demonstrated strong effects independently outer membrane permeabilizers, effectively killing S. E. L. monocytogenes to undetectable levels (>4-log kill) at concentrations low 12.5 μg/mL. The enzymes retained their in complex environments, wide range temperatures (4-100 °C), pH values (4-10), serum (0-50%), sodium chloride (0-500 mM). Furthermore, rapid kinetics, excellent storage stability (>18 months), broad-spectrum antimicrobial enhanced potential for application. remained effective stationary-phase bacteria biofilm-forming bacteria, achieving more than 99% biofilm eradication 200 Notably, 50 μg/mL, completely decontaminated mung bean seed model contaminated 4-5 log CFU bacteria. This study is first report successful use lysins control both Gram-negative Gram-positive on seeds.

Language: Английский

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Bacteria- and Phage-Derived Proteins in Phage Infection

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(2)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Phages have exerted severe evolutionary pressure on prokaryotes over billions of years, resulting in major rearrangements. Without every enzyme involved the phage–bacterium interaction being examined; bacteriophages cannot be used practical applications. Numerous studies conducted past few years uncovered a huge variety bacterial antiphage defense systems; nevertheless, mechanisms most these systems are not fully understood. Understanding interactions between bacteriophage and proteins is important for efficient host cell infection. Phage bacteriophage–host often arise immediately after Here, we review main groups phage enzymes first stage viral infection responsible degradation membrane. These include polysaccharide depolymerases (endosialidases, endorhamnosidases, alginate lyases, hyaluronate lyases), peptidoglycan hydrolases (ectolysins endolysins). Host target inhibited, activated, or functionally redirected by protein. determine bacteria. Proteins interest holins, endolysins, spanins, which release progeny during lytic cycle. This describes analyzes therapeutic potential bacteriophage-derived proteins.

Language: Английский

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Antibacterial synergy between a phage endolysin and citric acid against the Gram-negative kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae ( Psa ) causes major impacts to kiwifruit horticulture, and the current control strategies are heavily reliant on copper antibiotics. environmental impact increasing resistance these agrichemicals driving interest in alternative antimicrobials including bacteriophage-derived therapies. In this study, we characterize endolysin from Otagovirus Psa374 which infects . When combined with citric acid, displays an impressive antibacterial synergy reduce viable below limit of detection. use acid as a synergistic agent endolysins has not been extensively studied never evaluated against plant pathogen. We determined that involved combination chelation activity acidic pH, specific ΦPsa374 endolysin. Our study highlights exciting opportunity for agriculture.

Language: Английский

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The antibacterial activity of a novel highly thermostable endolysin, LysKP213, against Gram-negative pathogens is enhanced when combined with outer membrane permeabilizing agents

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Phages and phage-encoded lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, we report the isolation identification of bacteriophage KP2025 from Klebsiella pneumoniae . Bioinformatics analysis revealed a putative endolysin, LysKP213, containing T4-like_lys domain. Purified LysKP213 was found to be highly thermostable, retaining approximately 44.4% its activity after 20 h incubation at 95°C, 57.5% residual 30 min 121°C. Furthermore, when administered in combination with polymyxin B or fused N-terminus peptide cecropin A (CecA), exhibited increased antibacterial against Gram-negative pathogens, including K. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumannii Escherichia coli both vitro vivo These results indicated that is thermostable endolysin that, combined an outer membrane permeabilizer, has enhanced candidate agent for control infections by pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Phage-Derived Endolysins Against Resistant Staphylococcus spp.: A Review of Features, Antibacterial Activities, and Recent Applications

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global public health issue, and the dissemination of antibiotic in Gram-positive bacterial pathogens has significantly increased morbidity, mortality rates, healthcare costs. Among them, Staphylococcus, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), causes wide range diseases due to its diverse pathogenic factors infection strategies. These bacteria also present issues veterinary medicine food safety. Effectively managing staphylococci-related problems necessitates concerted effort implement preventive measures, rapidly detect pathogen, develop new safe antimicrobial therapies. In recent years, there been growing interest using endolysins combat infections. enzymes, which are referred as lysins, unique class hydrolytic enzymes synthesized by double-stranded DNA bacteriophages. They possess glycosidase, lytic transglycosylase, amidase, endopeptidase activities, effectively destroying peptidoglycan layer resulting lysis. This property makes powerful agents, particularly against organisms with more accessible layers. Therefore, considering potential benefits compared conventional antibiotics, we have endeavored gather review characteristics uses derived from staphylococcal bacteriophages, well their antibacterial effectiveness spp. based on conducted experiments trials.

Language: Английский

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In vitro and in vivo efficacy studies of an engineered endolysin targeting gram-negative pathogens

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 140463 - 140463

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Global health perspectives on antibacterial drug discovery and the preclinical pipeline

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Surface-displaying protein from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei–derived extracellular vesicles: Identification and utilization in the fabrication of an endolysin-displaying platform against Staphylococcus aureus

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 162196 - 162196

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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