Individual differences in sequential decision-making

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 5, 2025

1People differ widely in how they make decisions uncertain environments. While many studies leverage this variability to measure differences specific cognitive processes and parameters, the key dimension(s) of individual decision-making tasks has not been identified. Here, we analyzed behavioral data from 1001 participants performing a restless three-armed bandit task, where reward probabilities fluctuated unpredictably over time. Using novel analytical approach that controlled for stochasticity tasks, identified dominant nonlinear axis variability. We found primary was strongly selectively correlated with probability exploration, as inferred by latent state modeling. This suggests major factor shaping task performance is tendency explore (versus exploit), rather than personality characteristics, reinforcement learning model or low-level strategies. Certain demographic characteristics also predicted variance along principle axis: at exploratory end tended be younger exploitative end, self-identified men were overrepresented both extremes. Together, these findings offer principled framework understanding behavior while highlighting factors shape under uncertainty.

Language: Английский

Biomarkers of Internet Gaming Disorder—A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 5110 - 5110

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Since game mechanics and their visual aspects have become more addictive, there is concern about the growing prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). In current narrative review, we searched PubMed Google Scholar databases for keywords “igd biomarker gaming” terms related to modalities. The biomarkers found are grouped into several categories based on a measurement method discussed in light theoretical addiction models (tripartite neurocognitive model, I-PACE). Both theories point gaming-related problems with salience inhibition. first dysfunction makes an individual susceptible stimuli (raised reward seeking), second negatively impacts resistance these (decreased cognitive control). IGD patients’ hypersensitivity manifests mostly ventral striatum (VS) measurements. However, also empirical support ventral-to-dorsal striatal shift transition from goal-directed habitual behaviors. deficits executive control demonstrated parameters prefrontal cortex (PFC), especially dorsolateral (DLPFC). general, connection PFC under nuclei seems be dysregulated. Other include reduced P3 amplitudes, high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV), number eye blinks saccadic movements during non-resting state. A few studies propose diagnostic (multimodal) model IGD. review comments inconsistencies findings nucleus accumbens (NAcc), anterior cingulate (ACC), precuneus suggestions future studies.

Language: Английский