Fear-potentiated startle reveals diminished threat extinction in pathological anxiety

International Journal of Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 81 - 91

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Evidence for non-linear extinction learning and no influence of intolerance of uncertainty: investigating US expectancies in a VR fear conditioning paradigm

Published: April 10, 2024

In exposure therapy, the degree to which individuals effectively correct their threat expectancies varies considerably. Using appropriate statistical models capture this variability and investigating potential moderators (i.e. mechanisms of change) extinction learning process is therefore important. We hypothesized that a non-linear model would better explain trajectories indexed by unconditioned stimulus (US) than linear intolerance uncertainty (IU) might negatively impact extinction. Seventy-one spider-fearful participants completed two-day realistic virtual reality conditioning paradigm where spider served as US. Trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings were collected main outcome during acquisition used ordered beta regression in Bayesian estimation framework analyze data. As expected, trial-by-trial substantially explained model. Non-linear can more adequately interindividual differences providing fit such However, IU did not moderate our study. Previous research influences on produced mixed results, study supports notion are largely insensitive IU.

Language: Английский

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Associations between anxiety-related traits and fear acquisition and extinction - an item-based content and meta-analysis [Stage 1 Registered Report]

Published: April 26, 2024

Background: Dysregulated processing of fear and safety has been linked to anxietysymptoms related traits, e.g., neuroticism, intolerance uncertainty or negative emotionality. Yet, different studies focus on aspects acquisition extinction, outcome measures, anxiety-related making an integrative approach the association traits extinction difficult. This limits effective translation experimental insights these etiology- treatment-relevant processes clinic.Methods: To address this gap, a systematic literature search meta-analysis associations between will be conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A series nested random effects models used investigate frequently measures (i.e., psychophysiological self-reports). Different questionnaires in assess further as moderators whether identified performance are contingent specific questionnaire used.Furthermore, item-based content analysis overlap traits. help evaluate content-based similarities (or dissimilarities) assessed through hence inform interpretation meta-analytical results.

Language: Английский

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Intolerance of Uncertainty is Associated with Heightened Arousal During Extinction Learning and Retention: Preliminary Evidence from a Clinical Sample with Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Cognitive Therapy and Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(5), P. 854 - 865

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Background Uncertainty-related distress is considered a hallmark of anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). Previous research in community samples has demonstrated that individuals with high Intolerance Uncertainty (IU), the tendency to find uncertainty aversive, display altered threat extinction learning retention. Methods Here, we conducted an exploratory secondary analysis existing dataset (Steinman et al., 2022) examine extent which IU clinical sample OCD predicts Participants disorder and/or completed differential task across two days ( n = 27). Skin conductance response (SCR) was used as index conditioned responding. Results No significant effects self-reported were observed for SCR during any experimental phases. However, higher IU, while controlling trait anxiety, specifically associated greater overall same-day training, next-day reinstatement test. Conclusions Such findings provide preliminary evidence within may be heightened arousal under uncertainty, highlight promising treatment target OCD.

Language: Английский

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Intolerance of Uncertainty and Neuroticism: Transdiagnostic Vulnerabilities and War-Related Safety Preparatory Behavior

Journal of Loss and Trauma, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 27

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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