Implications of the Network Theory for the Treatment of Mental Disorders

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(11), P. 1160 - 1160

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Importance Conceptualizing mental disorders as latent entities has been challenged by the network theory of disorders, which states that psychological problems are constituted a mutually interacting symptoms. While implications approach for planning and evaluating treatments have intensively discussed, empirical support claims regarding treatment effects is lacking. Objective To assess extent to specific hypotheses derived from (interindividual) changeability symptom dynamics in response align with data. Design, Setting, Participants This secondary analysis entails data multisite randomized clinical trial, 254 patients chronic depression reported on their depressive symptoms at every session. Data collection was conducted between March 5, 2010, October 14, 2013, this November 1, 2021, May 31, 2022. Intervention Thirty-two sessions either disorder-specific or nonspecific psychotherapy depression. Main Outcomes Measures Longitudinal associations each other change these through estimated time-varying longitudinal model. Results In sample participants (166 [65.4%] women; mean [SD] age, 44.9 [11.9] years), interactions changed treatment, varied across individuals. The absolute (ie, valence-ignorant) strength (logarithmic odds ratio scale) increased 0.40 (95% CI, 0.36-0.44) 0.60 0.52-0.70) during 0.56 0.48-0.64) psychotherapy. contrast, raw valence-sensitive) decreased 0.32 0.28-0.36) 0.26 0.20-0.32) 0.09 0.02-0.16), respectively. Changing severity could be explained large interactions. Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest treatment-related well networks measures aim expected give further insights into working mechanisms health treatments, leading improvement current development new treatments. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00970437

Language: Английский

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Individual-Specific Animated Profiles of Mental Health

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

How important is the timing of pretreatment evaluation? If we consider mental health to be a relatively fixed condition, specific (e.g., day, hour) evaluation immaterial and often determined on basis technical considerations. Indeed, fundamental assumption underlying vast majority psychotherapy research practice that state can captured in one-dimensional snapshot. this assumption, 80 years empirical practice, incorrect, it may help explain why for decades failed rise above 50% efficacy rate treatment mental-health disorders, especially depression, heterogeneous disorder leading cause disability worldwide. Based recent studies suggesting within-individual dynamics, article proposes its therapeutic mechanisms have intrinsic dynamics manifest across dimensions. Computational needed develop individual-specific animated profiles health. Such are expected improve ability select optimal each patient, devise adequate plans, adjust them ongoing evaluations creating new understanding change as transition toward more adaptive profile.

Language: Английский

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The future of dynamic networks in research and clinical practice

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 288 - 289

Published: May 10, 2024

A problem attracts other problems1. An individual having one symptom (e.g., feelings of sadness) often will have more symptoms over time sleep disturbances). The observation that generate has led to the highly influential psychopathological network theory, in which focus is on how mental disorders can be seen as networks interacting symptoms2. In such networks, are nodes, and connections between them termed edges. theory posits individuals different also change within a single person time. Not only likely individuals; differ. Whereas for disturbances may trigger suicidal thoughts, this not case B. Subsequently, central notion stemming from interventions should target symptoms, but them, breaking vicious cycle. clinical research practice, patients inferred series data based and/or emotion questionnaires administered several times day over, instance, period weeks. Networks been called person-specific dynamic networks. Even though models used inferring these new, what new visualization models, makes modelling appealing tangible both practice3. What overlooked field need bridge gap an insightful actual model. To get model there are, broadly speaking, two steps made. first step concerns kind collected patient, second regards modeling way it does justice theory. Thus, collecting selecting necessary data. emotions, thus most almost exclusively include emotions items. However, further behavioral, context cognitive items could included networks4. Emotions indicate patient doing, whereas lead insights why feeling certain way. This help targeting therapeutic interventions, example, by indicating behaviors, social contacts or thoughts sadness. Additionally, formulated personalized terms content collaboration with result higher chance capturing crucial aspects his/her daily life, better reflect interests experiences general5. Other sources than questionnaire considered, media, passive sensing, many available kinds Collection sensing location tracking mobile phones) reduction burden gathered automatically. addition, provide therapeutically relevant complementing For if anxiety indicates she followed lecture, clear whether had breakthrough actually went campus, watched lecture online at home, complementary information. After source chosen, needs identified infer network. With regard step, vector autoregression commonly autoregressive allows study, reciprocal predictive effects: stress predict one's sadness next point, around, each other? Although structure data, too limited capture all fact, cannot deal network, main elements interest did mood improve why?). Furthermore, variables measured scales quality vs. mood) modeled simultaneously, meaning factors (measured once day) taken into account even they known affect (mood day). very hungry, points (more 100 per individual) needed network6. Beyond choices make pursuit model, take direction altogether. Network itself tied any nor number variables. fitting neither se advisable, including increasing decrease accuracy estimated network7. Instead rather ambitious broad goal trying unravel processes viable approach test specific targeted questions, emerge naturally therapist functional analysis)8. Studying relation already interest: studying physical activity leads positive pattern. still line (how do influence other), but, given change, studied standard model9. Rather, with, regime-switching models. investigate regimes regime (vs. less activity) associated pattern4. general, questions might require (network) Therefore, broadening our arsenal statistical techniques essential optimize move summarize, we see until now implemented restrictive way, used. Importantly, puts no constrains come means future hold end, researchers clinicians alike explicate want apply situation, then consider best suited purpose.

Language: Английский

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Understanding eco-anxiety: exploring relationships with environmental trait affects, connectedness to nature, depression, anxiety, and media exposure

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(28), P. 23455 - 23468

Published: May 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Slow down and be critical before using early warning signals in psychopathology

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. 767 - 780

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Early warning signals are considered to be generic indicators of a system's accumulating instability and 'critical slowing down' prior substantial abrupt transitions between stable states. In clinical psychology, these have been proposed enable personalized predictions the impending onset, recurrence remission mental health problems before changes in symptoms occur, thereby facilitating timely therapeutic interventions. this Perspective, we question idea that early person's emotion time series can predict symptoms. Using empirical findings date theoretical methodological limitations inherent their application, argue there is little support for use based on critical down psychology. Deepening our knowledge foundations predictors improving measurement key clarifying potential boundaries psychopathology. It necessary build insights gained from signal studies improve evaluate alternative methods, keeping mind applications require prospective, real-time not only indicate whether, but also when, specific person likely experience health. symptom provide warnings risk recovery. Helmich et al. utility such discuss avenues change prediction.

Language: Английский

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