bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 4, 2024
Abstract
Patients
with
epilepsy
are
characterized
by
a
dysregulation
of
excitation-inhibition
balance
(E/I).
The
assessment
E/I
may
inform
clinicians
during
the
diagnosis
and
therapy
management,
even
though
it
is
rarely
performed.
An
accessible
measure
brain
represents
clinically
relevant
feature.
Here
we
exploited
exponent
aperiodic
component
power
spectrum
EEG
signal
as
noninvasive
cost-effective
proxy
balance.
We
recorded
resting-state
activity
high-density
from
65
patients
temporal
lobe
(TLE)
35
controls.
extracted
fit
source-reconstructed
tested
differences
between
TLE
Spearman’s
correlation
was
performed
clinical
variables
(age
onset,
duration
neuropsychology)
cortical
expression
epilepsy-related
genes
derived
Human
Allen
Brain
Atlas.
showed
significantly
larger
exponent,
corresponding
to
an
inhibition
directed
balance,
in
bilateral
frontal
regions.
Lower
left
entorhinal,
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortices
corresponded
lower
performance
short
term
verbal
memory.
Limited
TLE,
detected
significant
GABRA1,
GRIN2A,
GABRD,
GABRG2,
KCNA2and
PDYN.
maps
non-invasively
reveals
tight
relationship
altered
patterns,
cognition
genetics.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
This
perspective
article
addresses
the
potential
use
of
cortical
excitability
(CE)
as
an
indicator
cognitive
health
in
aging
people.
Changes
CE
may
be
considered
a
sign
resilience
to
decline
old
age.
The
authors
describe
research
on
and
its
link
function
older
adults
emphasize
that
it
is
promising,
non-invasive
measure
healthy
aging.
They
also
address
current
challenges
implementation,
need
for
standardized
measurement
protocols
possible
future
avenues
research.
If
properly
considered,
could
pave
way
early
detection
facilitate
targeted
interventions
promote
resilience.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 3, 2025
Objective
Quantitative
electroencephalography
(qEEG)
metrics
are
demonstrated
to
correlate
with
and
predict
clinical
response
in
individuals
epilepsy.
Cenobamate
is
an
effective
anti-seizure
medication
recently
approved
as
add-on
therapy
for
epilepsy,
but
its
effects
on
qEEG
unknown.
We
aimed
evaluate
the
modulation
of
induced
by
cenobamate
relationship
response.
Methods
performed
a
prospective
study
cohort
18
epilepsy
(8
women,
47
±
16
years
old)
25
healthy
subjects
(HS).
They
underwent
19-channel
EEG
before
6
months
after
administration.
Power
spectral
density
(PSD)
phase
locking
value
(PLV)
delta,
theta,
alpha,
beta,
gamma
frequency
bands
were
calculated.
Correlation
analysis
covariance
exhibited
significant
cenobamate-induced
changes
their
seizure
changes.
A
regression
was
association
responders.
Results
total
11
out
(69%,
2
dropping
out)
responders
(≥50%
reduction).
did
not
modify
any
PSD
parameter
PLV
levels
(
p
<
0.01).
decrease
correlated
reduction
0.03).
Regression
showed
strong
between
responsiveness
(a
sensitivity
0.75,
specificity
0.84,
accuracy
0.81).
Conclusion
induces
connectivity
that
highly
associated
Significance
Connectivity
pharmaco-EEG
can
provide
new
hints
toward
development
innovative
biomarkers
precision
medicine
Brain Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(4)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Patients
with
epilepsy
are
characterized
by
a
dysregulation
of
excitation/inhibition
balance
(E/I).
The
assessment
E/I
may
inform
clinicians
during
the
diagnosis
and
therapy
management,
even
though
it
is
rarely
performed.
An
accessible
measure
brain
represents
clinically
relevant
feature.
Here,
we
exploited
exponent
aperiodic
component
power
spectrum
electroencephalography
(EEG)
signal,
as
non-invasive
cost-effective
proxy
balance.
We
recorded
resting-state
activity
high-density
EEG
from
67
patients
temporal
lobe
35
controls.
extracted
fit
source-reconstructed
tested
differences
between
Spearman's
correlation
was
performed
clinical
variables
(age
onset,
duration
neuropsychology)
cortical
expression
epilepsy-related
genes
derived
Allen
Human
Brain
Atlas.
showed
significantly
larger
exponent,
corresponding
to
inhibition-directed
balance,
in
bilateral
frontal
regions.
Lower
left
entorhinal
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortices
corresponded
lower
performance
short-term
verbal
memory.
Limited
epilepsy,
detected
significant
Current Opinion in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
38(2), P. 140 - 150
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Cortical
excitability,
defined
as
the
cortex's
responsiveness
to
incoming
stimuli,
is
a
fundamental
concept
in
neuroscience
and
targetable
mechanism
for
controlling
brain
dysfunctions
such
epilepsy,
well
other
neurological
psychiatric
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
delineate
boundaries
between
physiological
pathological
highlighting
recent
theoretical,
experimental,
translational
advances
relevant
human
Specifically,
describe
dynamic
regulation
of
cortical
excitability
propose
practical
means
monitor
its
known
fluctuations
guide
therapeutic
interventions.
From
conceptual
standpoint,
last
decade
research
on
has
benefited
from
dynamical
systems
theory,
which
studies
behavior
nonlinear
(here,
cortex)
their
resilience
perturbations
different
conditions
variable
excitability).
We
review
how
relationships
were
verified
series
studies.
also
natural
these
may
open
windows
vulnerability
expression
dysfunctions.
then
turn
practicalities
measuring
monitoring
latent
that
must
be
actively
probed.
Practical
gauging
likely
have
broad
applicability.
To
enable
new
developments
clinical
practice,
principled
design
pharmacological
neurostimulation
therapies
leverage
current
understanding
dynamics.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: April 30, 2025
Theta
oscillations
are
implicated
in
regulating
information
flow
within
cortico-hippocampal
networks
to
support
memory
and
cognition.
However,
causal
evidence
tying
theta
network
communication
humans
is
lacking.
Here
we
report
experimental
findings
using
a
closed-loop,
phase-locking
algorithm
apply
direct
electrical
stimulation
neocortical
nodes
of
the
hippocampal
precisely
timed
ongoing
rhythms
human
neurosurgical
patients.
We
show
that
repetitive
lateral
temporal
cortex
synchronized
increases
while
it
delivered,
suggesting
entrainment
neural
activity.
After
stimulation,
connectivity
persistently
increased
relative
baseline,
as
indicated
by
theta-phase
synchrony
hippocampus
neocortex
amplitudes
evoked
response
isolated
stimulation.
These
indicators
not
affected
control
delivered
with
approximately
same
rhythm
but
without
phase
locking
theta.
role
routing
signals
across
suggest
phase-synchronized
promising
method
modulate
theta-
hippocampal-dependent
behaviors.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: May 5, 2025
Adaptive
decision-making
in
uncertain
environments
requires
balancing
exploration
and
exploitation.
Computational
models
distinguish
between
directed
exploration,
involving
deliberate
information-seeking,
random
characterized
by
stochastic
variability.
The
neural
correlates
of
these
strategies
have
been
investigated
previous
studies.
However,
while
prior
research
implicates
the
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
its
underlying
excitatory
inhibitory
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Understanding
processes
is
essential
for
explaining
how
individuals
adapt
to
a
dynamic
environment.
To
investigate
this,
we
combined
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS)
with
electroencephalography
(EEG)
directly
assess
cortical
functions.
Twenty-five
healthy
participants
completed
Horizon
Task,
behavioral
paradigm
designed
dissociate
after
task,
they
received
single-pulse
TMS
over
DLPFC.
TMS-evoked
potentials
(TEPs)
N45,
P60,
N100
were
examined
as
neurophysiological
markers
GABAA,
GABAB,
glutamate
activity.
Results
revealed
significant
positive
correlation
amplitude
at
right
DLPFC
suggesting
that
GABAB-mediated
inhibition
plays
key
role
decision-making.
Additionally,
decision
noise
parameter
logistic
model
further
validated
this
association.
These
findings
highlight
importance
exploratory
behavior
underscore
utility
TMS-EEG
uncovering
adaptive
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: May 16, 2025
The
brain's
arousal
state
(i.e.,
central
arousal)
is
regulated
by
multiple
neuromodulatory
nuclei
in
the
brainstem
and
significantly
influences
high-level
cognitive
processes.
By
exploiting
mechanistic
connection
between
locus
coeruleus,
a
key
regulator
of
arousal,
pupil
dynamics,
we
recently
demonstrated
that
participants
could
gain
volitional
control
over
arousal-regulating
centers
including
coeruleus
using
pupil-based
biofeedback
approach.
Here,
test
whether
modulates
electrophysiological
markers
cortical
excitability,
P300
responses.
Combining
with
single-pulse
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation,
electroencephalography,
an
auditory
oddball
task
reveals
three
main
results:
self-regulation
(i)
(ii)
electroencephalogram
spectral
slope,
marker
(iii)
response
to
target
tones,
event-related
potential
suggested
be
linked
phasic
activity.
show
fundamental
aspects
brain
function.
Whether
this
method
can
further
used
modulate
these
case
disturbances
associated
neurological
psychiatric
disorders
needs
investigated
future
studies.
Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(11), P. 1083 - 1120
Published: July 29, 2024
Theta
burst
stimulation
(TBS)
is
a
non-invasive
brain
technique
that
can
modulate
neural
activity.
The
effect
of
TBS
on
regions
beyond
the
motor
cortex
remains
unclear.
With
increased
interest
in
applying
to
non-motor
for
research
and
clinical
purposes,
these
effects
must
be
understood
characterised.
We
synthesised
electrophysiological
single
session
TBS,
as
indexed
by
electroencephalography
(EEG)
concurrent
transcranial
magnetic
EEG
(TMS-EEG),
non-clinical
participants.
reviewed
79
studies
administered
either
continuous
(cTBS)
or
intermittent
(iTBS)
protocols.
Broadly,
cTBS
suppressed
iTBS
facilitated
evoked
response
component
amplitudes.
Response
measured
spectral
power
connectivity
was
much
more
variable.
Variability
presence
task
stimuli.
There
large
degree
heterogeneity
methodology
across
studies.
Additionally,
individual
differences
insufficiently
investigated.
Future
investigating
consider
methodological
factors
may
affect
outcomes.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
295, P. 120648 - 120648
Published: May 17, 2024
Cerebellar
intermittent
theta
burst
stimulation
(iTBS)
modulates
the
excitability
of
cerebral
cortex
and
may
enhance
attentional
performance.
To
date,
few
studies
have
conducted
iTBS
on
healthy
subjects
for
one
week
used
electroencephalography
(EEG)
to
investigate
effect
multiple
sessions
resting-state
functional
brain
networks
daily