
Toxicology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 101944 - 101944
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Metabolic profiling of the crude ethanolic extract Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. ex. Walp. stem (GSS) was conducted using ultra-high performance quadrupole time flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) in negative mode, resulting identification 23 compounds belonging to various classes such as flavonoids, fatty acids, triterpenoid saponins, and phenolic acids. Notably, eight flavonoids including kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, kaempeferol-7-O-rhamnoside, luteolin, apigenin, liquiritigenin, along with two acids (4-hydroxycinnamic acid 2-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid) four saponins (soyasaponin I, soyasaponin II, III, kaikasaponin III) were dereplicated. Additionally, nine derivatives identified, azelaic 2-isopropyl malic acid. Molecular networking analysis revealed formation clusters among while others do not form clusters. Further indicated that GSS exhibited a total content 38.78 ± 1.609 µg gallic equivalent/mg flavonoid 5.62 0.50 rutin equivalent/mg. Biological evaluations showed mitigated gastric tissue injury induced by pyloric ligation, notable reduction oxidative stress marker reactive oxygen species levels inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. it enhanced superoxide dismutase inhibitor nuclear factor kappa B alpha levels, lowering expression inducible nitric oxide synthase. Histopathological examination significant improvements morphology GSS-treated groups compared control group. docking studies potential interactions between target proteins involved stress, inflammation, protection gastritis. This study aims investigate gastroprotective activity against gastritis via ligation.
Language: Английский