Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Faced
with
the
challenges
of
modern
industry
and
medicine
associated
dynamic
development
civilization,
there
is
a
constantly
growing
demand
for
production
novel
functional
materials
that
are
clearly
oriented
towards
fulfilling
specific
applications.
Herein,
we
provide
an
overview
current
status
recent
findings
related
to
enzymatic
functionalization
bacterial
nanocellulose.
Commonly,
biocellulose
modification
involves
utilization
simple
cost-effective
chemical
and/or
physical
approaches.
However,
these
methods
may
have
adverse
effect
on
both
biological
properties
biomaterial
natural
environment.
An
alternative
procedures
highly
nanocellulose,
which
perfectly
fits
into
assumptions
green
technologies,
making
process
eco-friendly
not
limiting
any
outlooks
further
usage
obtained
biocomposites.
The
employment
enzymes
targeted
alteration
this
material's
based
either
direct
method,
such
as
controlled
hydrolysis
nanofication
[i.e.,
synthesis
different
morphological
forms
cellulose
(e.g.,
rod-shaped
nanocrystals)]
using
cellulases,
attachment
reactive
groups
polymer
structure
via
oxidation
utilizing
laccase/TEMPO
catalytic
system
or
lytic
polysaccharide
monooxygenases)
esterification
catalyzed
by
lipases;
indirect
procedure
involving
application
nanocellulose
matrix
enzyme
immobilization
laccase,
glucose
oxidase,
horseradish
peroxidase,
lysozyme,
bromelain,
lipase,
papain),
thus
creating
system.
Overall,
sustainable
promising
strategy
create
biocomposites
tailored
wide
range
industrial
medical
Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(3)
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
Abstract
The
study
presents
the
development
and
characterization
of
rubberized
fibrillated
polystyrene
composites
using
recycled
rubber
tires
pawpaw
fibres.
were
prepared
by
varying
proportions
fibre.
FTIR,
SEM,
EDX
hardness
testing
used
to
characterize
composites.
FTIR
spectroscopy
revealed
distinct
peaks,
including
hydroxyl
amine,
but
with
a
notable
absence
O‐H
group
in
nearly
all
composites,
affirming
their
durability
potential
suitability
for
applications
moist
environments.
SEM
results
showed
that
introduction
did
not
significantly
alter
smooth
fine‐grained
nature
resin,
whereas
inclusion
fibre
resulted
an
irregular
coarse
surface.
Mechanical
demonstrated
was
dependent
on
composition,
rubber‐rich
being
more
flexible
pawpaw‐fibre‐rich
exhibiting
greater
rigidity.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(7), P. 980 - 980
Published: April 3, 2024
Semi-crystalline
natural
polymers
are
involved
in
many
technological
processes.
Biopolymers
having
identical
chemical
compositions
can
differ
reactivity
heterogeneous
transformations
depending
on
their
crystal
structure
(polymorphic
modification).
This
paper
compares
the
recrystallization
processes
occurring
polysaccharides
(cellulose,
chitin,
and
starch)
individual
form
as
a
component
of
native
biomass.
Aqueous
treatment
pre-amorphized
semi-crystalline
biopolymers
was
shown
to
result
swelling,
thus
alleviating
kinetic
restrictions
imposed
restoration
crystalline
regions
phase
transition
thermodynamically
more
stable
polymorphic
modification.
During
recrystallization,
cellulose
I
within
plant-based
biomass
undergoes
II.
A
similar
situation
demonstrated
for
α-
β-chitin,
which
recrystallize
only
into
α-polymorphic
modification
case
both
materials.
Recrystallization
A-,
B-,
C-type
starch,
flour,
during
aqueous
treatment,
results
transition,
predominantly
B-type
starch.
The
process
depends
temperature
treatment;
longer
duration
has
almost
no
effect
degree
polymers,
Results in Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 101683 - 101683
Published: July 27, 2024
Studying
the
effect
of
raw
material
particle
size
on
properties
isolated
nanocellulose
is
crucial
for
enhancing
performance,
optimizing
processing
techniques,
and
promoting
sustainability
in
various
industrial
applications.
Therefore,
this
study
aims
to
extract
characterize
from
spent
coffee
ground
(SCG)
with
different
particles
(A:
850–1000,
B:
500–850,
C:
350–500
μm).
For
purpose,
SCGs
were
purified
using
alkaline
bleaching
agents
cellulose,
followed
by
acid
hydrolysis
(sulfuric
64
%,
45
°C,
1
h)
combined
ultrasonication
treatment
produce
nanocellulose.
The
obtained
nanocelluloses
characterized
terms
morphology,
distribution,
sulfur
content,
ζ-potential,
crystallinity,
crystal
size,
thermal
stability,
re-dispersibility
water.
Atomic
force
microscopy
confirmed
production
spherical
(CNS)
diameter
ranging
65.21
nm
A-CNS
49.31
48.06
B
C-CNS,
respectively.
ζ-potential
fresh
dispersions
decreased
−44
mV
−41
−40
content
also
gradually
214.30
(A-CNS)
191.29
mmol/kg
(C-CNS).
All
CNS
relatively
thermally
stable,
analysis
showing
enhanced
stability
A-CNS.
crystallinity
index
(64–69
%)
(2.21–2.39
nm)
not
affected
sizes.
In
summary,
dimensions,
dispersions,
varied
significantly
among
samples,
depending
SCG.
it
strongly
recommended
that
researchers
choose
optimum
producing
desired
