Production of biodiesel from hemp oil and oleic acid with sulfonated camphor catalysts is to be evaluated with controlled tests in a diesel engine
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Abstract
This
research
examines
the
performance
variables,
combustion,
and
amounts
of
NOx,
CO,
HC,
K
emissions
in
a
diesel
engine,
using
blends
hemp
biodiesel
oleic
acid
with
conventional
diesel.
To
obtain
from
oil
acid,
heterogeneous
sulfonated
camphor
catalyst
(CASU-AL)
was
used
for
transesterification
esterification
respectively.
Several
characterization
tests
were
performed
on
CASU-AL
such
as
acid-base
titration
method
quantification
sites,
XRD
analysis
to
determine
areas
carbonaceous
material,
images
composition
obtained
SEM
EDX,
porosity
characteristics
surface
properties
assessed
BET
analysis.
Constant
operating
conditions
autogenous
reactor
temperature
200
°C,
reaction
time
23
min,
quantity
0.033
%
w.
analyses
applied
CASU-AL,
several
mixtures
made
diesel,
different
biodiesels
laboratory.
The
(DIE-100),
(BAC-100),
(BAO-100),
Diesel-BAC
mixture
30
(MDBAC-30),
Diesel-BAO
(MDBAO-30).
For
three
speed
zones
selected
engine
identify
behavior
at
low
1,200
rpm,
medium
1,400
high
1800
rpm.
Combustion
reveal
that
no
significant
variation
is
observed
however,
gaseous
products
derived
reductions
carbon
monoxide,
unburned
hydrocarbon,
an
increase
nitrogen
oxide
achieved
when
DIE-100
compared
BAC-100
BAO-100.
showed
reduction
K,
smoke
testing
MDBAC-30
MDBAO-30
laboratory
engine.
A
comparison
oil-oleic
BAO-100
revealed
could
be
alone
or
blend
70
fuel
engines
by
decreasing
air
pollutants
promoting
lubricity
Our
findings
best
lowest
among
all
tested
fuels.
In
other
words,
are
ideal
do
not
require
any
modification
Language: Английский
Vicinal diphosphorylation of enaminones with diaryl phosphine oxides via AlCl3-mediated C N bond cleavage
Xin Jin,
No information about this author
An Yong,
No information about this author
Jia Chen
No information about this author
et al.
Tetrahedron Letters,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
158, P. 155472 - 155472
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
Language: Английский
Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
Results in Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 102147 - 102147
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Zirconium Phosphates and Phosphonates: Applications in Catalysis
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(10), P. 733 - 733
Published: Oct. 19, 2024
This
review
covers
recent
advancements
in
the
use
of
zirconium
phosphates
and
phosphonates
(ZrPs)
as
catalysts
or
catalyst
supports
for
a
variety
reactions,
including
biomass
conversion,
acid–base
catalysis,
hydrogenation,
oxidation,
C-C
coupling
from
2015
to
present.
The
discussion
emphasizes
intrinsic
catalytic
properties
ZrPs,
focusing
on
how
surface
acidity,
hydrophobic/hydrophilic
balance,
textural
properties,
particle
morphology
influence
their
performance
across
various
reactions.
Additionally,
this
thoroughly
examines
ZrPs
species,
ranging
organometallic
complexes
metal
ions
noble
metals
oxide
nanoparticles.
In
these
applications,
not
only
enhance
dispersion
stabilization
active
species
but
also
facilitate
recovery
reuse
due
robust
immobilization
solid
support.
dual
functionality
underscores
importance
promoting
efficient,
selective,
sustainable
processes,
making
them
essential
advancement
green
chemistry.
Language: Английский
Metal-Exchanged Phosphomolybdic Acid Salts-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid
Processes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 2574 - 2574
Published: Nov. 17, 2024
We
examined
the
effectiveness
of
metal-exchanged
phosphomolybdic
acid
salts
in
converting
levulinic
acid,
derived
from
biomass,
into
valuable
products
(alkyl
levulinate).
prepared
using
different
metals
(Fe3+,
Al3+,
Zn2+,
Cu2+,
Mn2+,
Ni2+,
and
Co2+).
The
influence
metal
cations
on
conversion
selectivity
reactions
was
assessed.
found
that
with
iron
aluminum
phosphomolybdate
were
most
effective
catalysts
for
esterification
methanol,
tending
towards
100%
after
6
h
reaction
at
a
temperature
323
K.
effect
catalyst
loading
its
recovery
reuse
evaluated;
results
remained
similar
four
cycles
use.
investigated
between
298
353
reactivity
alcohols
carbon
chain
size
C1-C4
assessed
conversions
above
65%
obtained
all
tested
under
conditions
evaluated,
except
tert-butyl
alcohol.
These
are
promising
alternative
to
traditional
soluble
corrosive
Brønsted
catalysts.
superior
performance
these
ascribed
higher
pH
decline
triggered
by
hydrolysis
cations.
Language: Английский