Unveiling the new chapter in nanobody engineering: advances in traditional construction and AI-driven optimization

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Nanobodies (Nbs), miniature antibodies consisting solely of the variable region heavy chains, exhibit unique properties such as small size, high stability, and strong specificity, making them highly promising for disease diagnosis treatment. The engineering production Nbs has evolved into a mature process, involving library construction, screening, expression purification. Different types, including immune, naïve, synthetic/semi-synthetic libraries, offer diverse options various applications, while display platforms like phage display, cell surface non-surface provide efficient screening target Nbs. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new avenues Nb engineering. AI's exceptional performance protein structure prediction molecular interaction simulation introduced novel perspectives tools design optimization. Integrating AI with traditional experimental methods is anticipated to enhance efficiency precision development, expediting transition from basic research clinical applications. This review comprehensively examines latest progress engineering, emphasizing construction strategies, platform technologies, It evaluates strengths weaknesses libraries explores potential challenges predicting structure, antigen-antibody interactions, optimizing physicochemical properties.

Language: Английский

Microbial and Enzymatic Biodegradation of Plastic Waste for a Circular Economy

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(24), P. 11942 - 11942

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Plastics play a crucial role in modern life, but their accumulation poses serious threat to both the environment and human health. Due effects on terrestrial aquatic environment, it is essential develop sustainable approaches dispose of waste plastics. Traditional methods plastic disposal, such as burning landfilling, are problematic since they produce hazardous byproducts. Biodegradation potentially effective, eco-friendly approach which uses microbial consortia or isolated enzymes break down waste. Enzymes interact with surfaces hydrolyse large polymer chains into smaller units. These byproducts can then be utilised carbon sources by microbes, eventually converted CO2 water. This review explores principal degradation, focus existing emerging polymers made readily biodegradable. In addition, valorisation for converting valuable considered. The implementation circular economy expected lead further development, including scaling up efficient bio-upcycling processes, serve stimulate environmental removal value-added use post-consumer streams.

Language: Английский