Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Abstract
Immunotherapies
have
revolutionized
the
treatment
paradigms
of
various
types
cancers.
However,
most
these
immunomodulatory
strategies
focus
on
harnessing
adaptive
immunity,
mainly
by
inhibiting
immunosuppressive
signaling
with
immune
checkpoint
blockade,
or
enhancing
immunostimulatory
bispecific
T
cell
engager
and
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell.
Although
agents
already
achieved
great
success,
only
a
tiny
percentage
patients
could
benefit
from
immunotherapies.
Actually,
immunotherapy
efficacy
is
determined
multiple
components
in
tumor
microenvironment
beyond
immunity.
Cells
innate
arm
system,
such
as
macrophages,
dendritic
cells,
myeloid-derived
suppressor
neutrophils,
natural
killer
unconventional
also
participate
cancer
evasion
surveillance.
Considering
that
cornerstone
antitumor
response,
utilizing
immunity
provides
potential
therapeutic
options
for
control.
Up
to
now,
exploiting
agonists
stimulator
interferon
genes,
CAR-macrophage
-natural
therapies,
metabolic
regulators,
novel
exhibited
potent
activities
preclinical
clinical
studies.
Here,
we
summarize
latest
insights
into
roles
cells
discuss
advances
arm-targeted
strategies.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
217(8)
Published: May 26, 2020
Type
1
conventional
dendritic
cells
(cDC1s)
are
typically
thought
to
be
dysregulated
secondarily
invasive
cancer.
Here,
we
report
that
cDC1
dysfunction
instead
develops
in
the
earliest
stages
of
preinvasive
pancreatic
intraepithelial
neoplasia
(PanIN)
KrasLSL-G12D/+
Trp53LSL-R172H/+
Pdx1-Cre-driven
(KPC)
mouse
model
is
systemic
and
progressive,
driven
by
increased
apoptosis,
results
suboptimal
up-regulation
T
cell-polarizing
cytokines
during
maturation.
The
underlying
mechanism
linked
elevated
IL-6
concomitant
with
neoplasia.
Neutralization
vivo
ameliorates
rescuing
abundance
tumor-bearing
mice.
CD8+
cell
response
vaccination
impaired
as
a
result
dysregulation.
Yet,
combination
therapy
CD40
agonist
Flt3
ligand
restores
normal
levels,
decreases
repairs
maturation
drive
superior
control
tumor
outgrowth.
Our
study
therefore
reveals
unexpectedly
early
onset
dysregulation
carcinogenesis
suggests
therapeutically
tractable
strategies
toward
repair.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Nov. 3, 2021
CCR2
is
predominantly
expressed
by
monocytes/macrophages
with
strong
proinflammatory
functions,
prompting
the
development
of
antagonists
to
dampen
unwanted
immune
responses
in
inflammatory
and
autoimmune
diseases.
Paradoxically,
CCR2-expressing
monocytes/macrophages,
particularly
tumor
microenvironments,
can
be
strongly
immunosuppressive.
Thus,
targeting
recruitment
immunosuppressive
tumors
antagonism
has
recently
been
investigated
as
a
strategy
modify
microenvironment
enhance
anti-tumor
immunity.
We
present
here
that
beneficial
effects
setting
extend
beyond
blocking
chemotaxis
suppressive
myeloid
cells.
Signaling
within
CCL2/CCR2
axis
shows
underappreciated
on
cell
survival
function
polarization.
Apart
from
cells,
T
cells
are
also
known
express
CCR2.
Nevertheless,
tissue
homing
Treg
among
populations
preferentially
affected
deficiency.
Further,
signaling
directly
enhances
functional
potency.
although
Tregs
not
sole
type
expressing
CCR2,
net
outcome
favors
arm
responses.
Finally,
contributes
survival/growth
invasion/metastasis
many
types
bearing
Together,
links
two
main
multiple
mechanisms.
Such
CCR2-assoicated
network
further
entangled
paracrine
autocrine
Strategies
target
cancer
therapy
view
three
CCR2-expessing
discussed.
Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
27(16), P. 4574 - 4586
Published: June 10, 2021
CD40
activation
is
a
novel
clinical
opportunity
for
cancer
immunotherapy.
Despite
numerous
active
trials
with
agonistic
monoclonal
antibodies
(mAb),
biological
effects
and
treatment-related
modulation
of
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
remain
poorly
understood.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 1, 2021
Cancer
immunotherapy
has
revolutionized
the
treatment
landscape
in
medical
oncology,
but
its
efficacy
been
variable
across
patients.
Biomarkers
to
predict
such
differential
response
include
cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte
infiltration,
tumor
mutational
burden,
and
microsatellite
instability.
A
growing
number
of
studies
also
suggest
that
baseline
or
size,
predicts
immunotherapy.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
changes
immune
profile
therapeutic
responses
occur
with
increasing
size.
We
overview
approaches
reduce
burden
favorably
modulate
microenvironment
larger
tumors.