Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are that have sloughed off the primary and extravasate into circulate in blood. Understanding of metastatic cascade CTCs has tremendous potential for identification targets against cancer metastasis. Detecting these very rare among massive blood is challenging. However, emerging technologies detection profoundly contributed to deepening investigation biology facilitated their clinical application. Current summarized herein, together with advantages disadvantages. The usually dependent on molecular markers, epithelial cell adhesion molecule being most widely used, although markers vary between different types cancer. Properties associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stemness been identified CTCs, indicating increased capacity. Only a small proportion can survive eventually initiate metastases, suggesting an interaction modulation hostile microenvironment essential CTC Single-cell sequencing extensively investigated, enabled researchers reveal genome transcriptome CTCs. Herein, we also review applications especially monitoring response treatment evaluating prognosis. Hence, will continue contribute providing significant insights processes open new avenues useful applications.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil phenotypes and functions in cancer: A consensus statement

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 219(6)

Published: May 6, 2022

Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and inflammation thus a critical component of innate immune defense. Understanding behavior neutrophils as they act within various inflammatory contexts has provided insights into their role in sterile infectious diseases; however, field cancer is comparatively young. Here, we summarize key concepts current knowledge gaps related diverse roles throughout progression. We discuss sources neutrophil heterogeneity provide recommendations on nomenclature for states that distinct maturation activation. address discrepancies literature highlight need technical standards ought be considered between laboratories. Finally, review emerging questions biology immunity cancer. Overall, emphasize more population than previously appreciated may present novel unexplored opportunities treat

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil extracellular traps: from physiology to pathology

Cardiovascular Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(13), P. 2737 - 2753

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Abstract At the frontline of host defence response, neutrophil antimicrobial functions have adapted to combat infections and injuries different origins magnitude. The release web-like DNA structures named extracellular traps (NETs) constitutes an important mechanism by which neutrophils prevent pathogen dissemination or deal with microorganisms a bigger size. same time, nuclear granule proteins microbicidal activity bind these promoting elimination entrapped pathogens. However, toxic properties may produce unwanted effects in host, when uncontrollably NETs upon persistent inflammation. As consequence, NET accumulation can vessel occlusion, tissue damage, prolonged inflammation associated progression exacerbation multiple pathologic conditions. This review outlines recent advances understanding mechanisms sterile disease. We also discuss physiological regulation importance heterogeneity formation composition.

Language: Английский

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Increased glucose metabolism in TAMs fuels O-GlcNAcylation of lysosomal Cathepsin B to promote cancer metastasis and chemoresistance

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(10), P. 1207 - 1222.e10

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Natural exosome-like nanovesicles from edible tea flowers suppress metastatic breast cancer via ROS generation and microbiota modulation

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 907 - 923

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Although several artificial nanotherapeutics have been approved for practical treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their inefficient therapeutic outcomes, serious adverse effects, and high cost mass production remain crucial challenges. Herein, we developed an alternative strategy to specifically trigger apoptosis tumors inhibit lung metastasis by using natural nanovehicles from tea flowers (TFENs). These had desirable particle sizes (131 nm), exosome-like morphology, negative zeta potentials. Furthermore, TFENs were found contain large amounts polyphenols, flavonoids, functional proteins, lipids. Cell experiments revealed that showed strong cytotoxicities against cancer cells due the stimulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. The increased intracellular ROS could not only mitochondrial damage, but also arrest cell cycle, resulting in vitro anti-proliferation, anti-migration, anti-invasion activities cells. Further mice investigations demonstrated after intravenous (i.v.) injection or oral administration accumulate sites, growth modulate gut microbiota. This study brings new insights green nanoplatform inhibition its via i.v. routes.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-associated neutrophils and neutrophil-targeted cancer therapies

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1877(5), P. 188762 - 188762

Published: July 16, 2022

Neutrophils are the frontline cells in response to microbial infections and involved a range of inflammatory disorders body. In recent years, neutrophils have gained considerable attention their involvement complex roles tumor development progression. Tumor-associated (TANs) that accumulate local region could be triggered by external stimuli from microenvironment (TME) switch between anti- pro-tumor phenotypes. The anti-tumor kill through direct cytotoxic effects as well indirect activating adaptive immune responses. contrast, phenotype might associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression TME. More recently, been proposed potential target cancer therapy for ability diminish pathways, such checkpoint blockade. This review discusses TME highlights strategies neutrophil targeting treatment particular focus on progresses ongoing clinical trials involving neutrophil-targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic targeting of tumour myeloid cells

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 216 - 237

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Cancer Invasion, Evasion and Metastasis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 4495 - 4495

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

The present review highlights the complex interactions between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils constitute first line of defense against foreign invaders using major effector mechanisms: phagocytosis, degranulation, NETs formation. are composed from decondensed nuclear or mitochondrial DNA decorated with proteases various inflammatory mediators. Although play a crucial role in systemic infections, they also participate non-infectious conditions, such as inflammation, autoimmune disorders, cancer. Cancer cells recruit neutrophils (tumor-associated neutrophils, TANs), releasing to tumor microenvironment. were found samples human animal tumors, pancreatic, breast, liver, gastric cancers around metastatic tumors. development increasingly includes immunoediting immune system cells. According accumulated evidence, awake dormant cells, causing relapse, well its unconstrained growth spread. key regulatory microenvironment, distant metastases through secretion proteases, i.e., matrix metalloproteinases proinflammatory cytokines. NETs, furthermore, directly exacerbate aggressiveness by enhancing migration invasion capacity. collected evidence states that induction high-mobility group box 1, induce epithelial mesenchymal transition and, thereby, potentiate their invasiveness. NET proteinases can degrade matrix, promoting cell extravasation. Moreover, entrap circulating way, facilitate metastasis. trigger proliferation activating signals. This focused on pro-tumorigenic action spite potential exhibit an antitumor effect. components, myeloperoxidase histones, have been shown kill A better understanding crosstalk help devise novel approaches therapeutic interventions block evasion mechanisms prevent sought provide most recent knowledge cancer, bring more profound ideas for future scientists exploring this field.

Language: Английский

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NETworking with cancer: The bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 505 - 526

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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A signature for pan-cancer prognosis based on neutrophil extracellular traps

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. e004210 - e004210

Published: June 1, 2022

Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally thought to be formed by neutrophils trap invading microorganisms as a defense mechanism. Increasing studies have shown that NETs play pivotal role in tumor progression and diffusion. In this case, transcriptome analysis provides an opportunity unearth the association between clinical outcomes of patients with pan-cancer. Methods The sequencing data Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer primary focus was obtained from UCSC Xena, 19-gene score then constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model based on expression levels 69 initial biomarkers we collected multistudies. addition, multiple datasets covering cancer types other databases used validate signature. Gene ontology enrichment analyses annotate functions NETs-related pathways. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) implemented evaluate genes across tumors, including lung adenocarcinoma (n=58), colorectal carcinoma (n=93), kidney renal clear cell (n=90), triple-negative breast (n=80). Results calculated 19-NETs related according LASSO model. considered hazardous factor most types, higher indicating more adverse outcome. found significantly correlated various malignant biological processes, such epithelial mesenchymal transition (R=0.7444, p<0.0001), angiogenesis (R=0.5369, proliferation (R=0.3835, p<0.0001). Furthermore, IHC cohorts variety myeloperoxidase, gene involved classical delegate formation, associated poor outcomes. Conclusions Collectively, these constitutive complementary represented ability formation predict development patients’ progression. Integrative plus sample validation may facilitate biomarker discovery transformation.

Language: Английский

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