The tumour histopathology “glossary” for AI developers DOI Creative Commons
S. Mandal, Ann‐Marie Baker, Trevor A. Graham

et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e1012708 - e1012708

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are leading to significant advances in cancer research, particularly analysing histopathology images for prognostic treatment-predictive insights. However, effective translation these computational methods requires researchers have at least a basic understanding histopathology. In this work, we aim bridge that gap by introducing essential concepts support AI developers their research. We cover the defining features key cell types, including epithelial, stromal, immune cells. malignancy, precursor lesions, tumour microenvironment (TME) discussed illustrated. To enhance understanding, also introduce foundational techniques, such as conventional staining with hematoxylin eosin (HE), antibody immunohistochemistry, new multiplexed methods. By providing knowledge community, accelerate development algorithms

Language: Английский

Unveiling the future of cancer stem cell therapy: a narrative exploration of emerging innovations DOI Creative Commons

Joseph Nhyira Obisi,

Abike Ndidiamaka Josephine Abimbola,

Oluwasegun Adesina Babaleye

et al.

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 22, 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a critical subpopulation within tumours, and defined by their capacity for self-renewal, differentiation, tumour initiation. These unique traits contribute to progression, metastasis, resistance conventional treatments like chemotherapy radiotherapy, often resulting in cancer recurrence poor patient outcomes. As such, CSCs have become focal points developing advanced therapies. This review highlights progress CSC-targeted treatments, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, immunotherapy, molecular targeting, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Plant-derived compounds gene-editing technologies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), explored potential enhance precision minimize side effects. Metabolic pathways integral CSC survival, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy (regulated dynamin-related protein 1 [DRP1] the PINK1/Parkin pathway), one-carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism (involving enzymes glutaminase (GLS) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH]), lipid hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming mediated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α HIF-2α), examined therapeutic targets. The adaptability of through autophagy, flexibility, epigenetic regulation metabolites α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate is discussed. Additionally, extracellular vesicles nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) identified pivotal redox balance, DNA repair, modifications. Addressing challenges heterogeneity, immune evasion, treatment durability requires interdisciplinary collaboration. Advancing therapies essential overcoming preventing relapse, paving way transformative treatments. underscores importance leveraging innovative technologies fostering collaboration revolutionize treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Inter-Spheroid Proximity and Matrix Remodeling Determine CAF-Mediated Cancer Cell Invasion DOI Creative Commons

Pranav Mehta,

Ankur Bordoloi, Cor J. Ravensbergen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Abstract Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with molecular subtypes following distinct clinical trajectories. While Luminal A breast cancers are typically indolent, a subset enriched in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exhibits aggressive behavior, facilitating tumor invasion. However, biophysical mechanisms by which CAFs drive invasion and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling remain unclear. Furthermore, temporal spatial dynamics of CAF interactions collagen cell spheroids unknown, raising question whether these processes follow deterministic sequence or occur stochastically. To address this, we conduct histological analysis tumors, revealing variation CAF, cell, ECM organization at boundaries. assess impact on invasion, use 3D in-vitro model co-embedding 19TT MCF7 luminal within three-dimensional (3D) collagen-I hydrogel perform time-lapse imaging. We demonstrate that inter-spheroid distance critically determines CAF-induced spheroid behavior. show CAF-mediated degradation precedes disruption critical promoting expansion dissemination. broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibition suppresses CAF-driven expansion, it does not prevent remodeling, migration, single-cell dissemination spheroids. complementary heterospheroid reveals similar despite altered cellular arrangement cells CAFs. These findings enhance our understanding relationship between activity promote providing insights into potential therapeutic benefits targeting treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge and metronomic cyclophosphamide with or without bevacizumab in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer DOI
A. A. Musaelyan, Svetlana V. Odintsova,

Magaripa A. Urtenova

et al.

Anti-Cancer Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide, or without bevacizumab, patients metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate clinical characteristics associated response therapy. included 43 NSCLC who responded ICIs for ≥4 months subsequently experienced disease progression. then underwent ICI along either oral cyclophosphamide daily alone (n = 24) bevacizumab 19). Combining resulted an objective rate (ORR) 16.7%, control (DCR) 75.0%, median progression-free survival (PFS) 5.8 months, overall (OS) 15.4 months. Oral cohort achieved ORR 26.3%, a DCR 78.9%, PFS 6.8 OS 17.6 No treatment-related adverse events discontinuation therapy cohort. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence initial (OS: P 0.016), poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) (PFS: 0.017, OS: 0.032), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 3.8 0.004, 0.007) were negative predictors showed promising antitumor activity well-tolerated safety profile ICI-pretreated NSCLC. Furthermore, ECOG PS 0-1, response, NLR ≤ predictive

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The tumour histopathology “glossary” for AI developers DOI Creative Commons
S. Mandal, Ann‐Marie Baker, Trevor A. Graham

et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e1012708 - e1012708

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) are leading to significant advances in cancer research, particularly analysing histopathology images for prognostic treatment-predictive insights. However, effective translation these computational methods requires researchers have at least a basic understanding histopathology. In this work, we aim bridge that gap by introducing essential concepts support AI developers their research. We cover the defining features key cell types, including epithelial, stromal, immune cells. malignancy, precursor lesions, tumour microenvironment (TME) discussed illustrated. To enhance understanding, also introduce foundational techniques, such as conventional staining with hematoxylin eosin (HE), antibody immunohistochemistry, new multiplexed methods. By providing knowledge community, accelerate development algorithms

Language: Английский

Citations

0