Multi-Scale Modified Nitramine Crystals with Conjugated Structure Intercalation and Thin-Layer Catalyst Coating for Well-Controlled Energy Release Rate DOI
Xuexue Zhang, Su-Lan Yang, Zhihua Xue

et al.

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

High-energy solid propellants with lower pressure exponent, burn rate but high combustion efficiency are usually desired. The use of catalysts in less amount maintained is essential for high-energy content and better performances. fine combination catalyst energetic fillers as oxidizer has been found to be a promising strategy achieve this goal. In paper, widely used nitramine oxidizer, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) selected typical example, which was first intercalated sensitivity rate, then it coated in-situ synthesized nanosized metal oxides exponent using polydopamine the interfacial binding layer. Two types catalyst-coated hybrid RDX crystals (named qy-RDX@Fe2O3 qy-RDX@CuO) have prepared characterized. It that grafted nano-Fe2O3 CuO significant catalytic effect on qy-RDX, increased heat release qy-RDX@CuO from 1747 J·g-1 2159 2133 J·g-1, respectively. results show both could reduce ignition delay time largely improve corresponding at (e.g. 3.14 mm·s-1 5.50 1MPa) by coating only 0.13 wt% Fe2O3 0.15 catalysts, resulting much (from 0.32 0.15). particular, decomposition propellant containing 10 1.5 times higher than reference blank sample, so its flame temperature 1800 ºC 2400 due more energy release.

Language: Английский

Interfacial self-assembling of nano-TATB@PDA embedded football-like CL-20 co-particles with reduced sensitivity DOI
Zhihua Xue, Ruixuan Xu,

Zikangping Wang

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 151010 - 151010

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Co-agglomerated crystals of cyclic nitramines with the nitrogen rich 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (BTATz) DOI
Veerabhadragouda B. Patil, Petr Bělina, W. A. Trzciński

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 483, P. 149029 - 149029

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Progress in Energy−Safety Balanced Cocrystallization of Four Commercially Attractive Nitramines DOI Creative Commons
Veerabhadragouda B. Patil, Svatopluk Zeman

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 7361 - 7388

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

In 2011, cocrystallization of energetic materials became a hot topic and pathway to overcome the energy−safety contradiction; especially for commercially attractive nitramines, it first preference researchers. The present review focuses on energetic−energetic four CL20, HMX, BCHMX, RDX, structural aspects these cocrystals, their influence thermochemical detonation properties. Cocrystallization has proven be crystal engineering technique achieve safety morphological suitability cocrystals (EECCs). Overall, in most cases, impact sensitivities EECCs are decreased, this is phenomenal change; however, needed adjust with properties slightly, negligible if coformer (EMs) properly chosen. There other notable variations morphologies packing crystals, including key such as relatively high density melting point. These changes occur due binding energy, trigger bond length, cohesive energy during cocrystallization. Researchers highly focused nitramines; earlier reported methods lacking selectivity scalability. When comes adoption industrial scale production EECCs, more difficult. We conducted thorough literature survey. Also we discussed about recently developed VPSZ coagglomeration method, which provides huge opportunity tune performance existing easy up level.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Novel approach for preparation of the energy-safety balanced cocrystals of attractive nitramines via coagglomeration DOI Creative Commons
Veerabhadragouda B. Patil, Svatopluk Zeman

FirePhysChem, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 283 - 294

Published: March 6, 2024

Co-agglomeration unique crystal engineering approach; in which the co-precipitated micro-particles of nitramines with other energetic materials co-agglomerated by slurry method; to modify properties attractive like CL20, HMX, BCHMX, and RDX etc. The interesting structural modifications newly prepared crystals (CACs) one are discussed here. There notable variations morphologies packing crystals, including key relatively high density, melting point, impact sensitivity, detonation properties. These CACs overwhelming majority showing co-crystals. Apart from these aspects, co-agglomeration provides a huge opportunity tune performance existing is easy scale-up for industrial level. preliminary results also suggest that chemical factors involved preparation have tremendous improvements than conventional crystallization. With technological optimization this method can be employable scale production.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Polymorphism of CL-20 and the Modification and Inhibition Strategies for Its Crystal Transformation DOI
Hui Wang,

Shifan Xu,

Hongtu Zhao

et al.

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The Chemical Micromechanism of Energetic Material Initiation DOI
Svatopluk Zeman

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

The paper presents a brief survey of available results obtained from the studies initiation micromechanisms mainly organic energetic materials (EMs) viewpoint physical chemistry, with attention being paid to experimental results. It is stated here that chemical primary fission processes EM molecules in "normal" by mechanical stimuli (inclusive detonation course) and an electric spark should be same as case their low-temperature thermal decomposition. In this connection also super-initiation mentioned, which fissions correspond those high-temperature Experimental methods for probable reaction centers (chemical hot spots) found EMs are discussed. Concerning thermochemical aspects reactivity, application enthalpies formation (or heats combustion) less ambiguous relations sensitivity comparison hitherto widely used performance these compounds. This new approach might applied assess possible fragmentation macromolecular binders plastic bonded explosives.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Some dinitramines from tetraaminoethylene and their interactions with magnesium – DFT study DOI Open Access
Lemi Türker

Earthline Journal of Chemical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 193 - 205

Published: March 20, 2025

Certain isomeric dinitramines derived from tetraaminoethylene have been designed which possess an embedded push-pull type conjugated system(s) operative in different extents may attract attention as insensitive high energy materials. Those structures and their magnesium composites investigated within the restrictions of density functional theory at level B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). The results indicate that considered are exothermic favorable terms Hº Gº values. However, not all stable, (two them decompose) Mg atom acquires some positive charge each case. Various structural, quantum chemical UV-VIS spectral data collected discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Effects of HMX and CL-20-Based Co-Particles on the Ignition and Combustion Performances of Aluminum Powders DOI Creative Commons
Zhihua Xue,

Weimeng Zhang,

Ruixuan Xu

et al.

Aerospace, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 272 - 272

Published: March 24, 2025

Energetic co-particles have been proven effective in balancing high-energy and safety performance, which might be used as insensitive oxidizers solid propellants. In this work, the high temperature interactions between several aluminum (Al) powders presence of ammonium perchlorate (AP) studied. The are based on octogen (HMX) hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), with balanced energy content performance. They to combine Al AP form either binary or ternary systems. Their release rate during decomposition combustion fully evaluated. Due intimate contact components co-particles, binary/ternary systems exhibit superior reaction efficiency compared relevant mechanical mixtures same formulations. These novel energetic maximum two times higher pressurization rate, 10% heat explosion, 53.8% flame propagation much shorter ignition delay than corresponding normal mixtures. For both HMX- CL-20-based co-particle systems, median size condensed products (CCPs) is smaller those mixtures, Al2O3. This indicates that advantages improving particles by eliminating their agglomeration.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Desensitization of HMX crystals by formation of co-particles with insensitive LLM-105 or FOX-7 DOI
Zhihua Xue, Yiran Zhang, Ruizhi Pu

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 163451 - 163451

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Co-agglomerated crystals of cyclic nitramines with sterically crowded molecules DOI
Veerabhadragouda B. Patil, Qi‐Long Yan, W. A. Trzciński

et al.

CrystEngComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(44), P. 7771 - 7785

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Co-crystallization of cyclic nitramines with sterically crowded molecules, i.e. , ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL-20) cis -1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5- d ]imidazole, is difficult, but co-agglomeration given good results.

Language: Английский

Citations

13