Advanced Sustainable Systems,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
Abstract
The
present
study
explores
the
synthesis
of
butyl
levulinate
(BL),
a
green
diesel
additive,
using
vanadium‐incorporated
Keggin
phosphomolybdic
acid
(HPVM)
catalysts.
This
highlights
effect
addenda
and
hydrogen
atoms
on
HPVM
catalysts
for
BL
production,
thereby
elucidating
correlation
between
atoms,
acidity,
yield.
are
characterized
Raman
spectroscopy,
FTIR,
XRD,
ammonia‐TPD,
SEM‐EDX,
ICP‐OES
techniques
to
determine
their
structural
properties,
elemental
composition.
Reaction
parameters,
including
time,
temperature,
catalyst
concentration,
stirring
rate,
solvent
volume,
systematically
evaluated
optimize
conversion
levulinic
(LA)
BL.
A
significant
yield
(>96%)
is
obtained
25
wt.%
H
4
PMo
11
VO
40
(H
PVM)
at
100
°C
in
min.
Kinetic
analysis
unveiled
pseudo‐first‐order
reaction
mechanism
with
activation
energies
66.73,
68.81,
71.19
kJ.mol
−1
PVM),
5
10
V
2
O
6
9
3
catalysts,
respectively.
Additionally,
thermodynamic
such
as
enthalpy
(ΔH*),
entropy
(ΔS*),
Gibbs
free
energy
(ΔG*),
determined.
Overall,
this
complex
interplay
energy,
yield,
emphasizing
significance
number
vanadium
performance.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 91 - 104
Published: Dec. 20, 2024
This
work
proposes
the
integrated
exploitation
of
fibrous
balls
seagrass
Posidonia
oceanica
(PO),
which
annually
accumulate
along
sandy
Mediterranean
beaches,
causing
significant
management
and
economic
problems.
Preliminarily,
organic
extractives
PO
were
removed
by
ethanol,
their
characterization
highlighted
presence
biologically
active
molecules.
The
successive
alkaline
pretreatment
allowed
fractionation
biomass,
leading
to
a
solid
enriched
in
polysaccharides
"black
liquor"
containing
extracted
lignin.
butanolysis
provided
yield
up
52.3
mol
%
butyl
levulinate,
strategic
intermediate,
valuable
bioblendstock
for
diesel.
Finally,
pure
acid-insoluble
lignin
acid-soluble
fractions
recovered
from
liquor".
These
deeply
characterized
proposed
as
UV-blocker
antioxidant
agents.
Advanced Sustainable Systems,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
Abstract
The
present
study
explores
the
synthesis
of
butyl
levulinate
(BL),
a
green
diesel
additive,
using
vanadium‐incorporated
Keggin
phosphomolybdic
acid
(HPVM)
catalysts.
This
highlights
effect
addenda
and
hydrogen
atoms
on
HPVM
catalysts
for
BL
production,
thereby
elucidating
correlation
between
atoms,
acidity,
yield.
are
characterized
Raman
spectroscopy,
FTIR,
XRD,
ammonia‐TPD,
SEM‐EDX,
ICP‐OES
techniques
to
determine
their
structural
properties,
elemental
composition.
Reaction
parameters,
including
time,
temperature,
catalyst
concentration,
stirring
rate,
solvent
volume,
systematically
evaluated
optimize
conversion
levulinic
(LA)
BL.
A
significant
yield
(>96%)
is
obtained
25
wt.%
H
4
PMo
11
VO
40
(H
PVM)
at
100
°C
in
min.
Kinetic
analysis
unveiled
pseudo‐first‐order
reaction
mechanism
with
activation
energies
66.73,
68.81,
71.19
kJ.mol
−1
PVM),
5
10
V
2
O
6
9
3
catalysts,
respectively.
Additionally,
thermodynamic
such
as
enthalpy
(ΔH*),
entropy
(ΔS*),
Gibbs
free
energy
(ΔG*),
determined.
Overall,
this
complex
interplay
energy,
yield,
emphasizing
significance
number
vanadium
performance.
