ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(17), P. 10357 - 10367
Published: Aug. 17, 2024
Wearable
moisture
sensors
are
becoming
more
widely
used
in
fields
such
as
healthcare,
sports
fitness,
and
smart
homes.
However,
many
of
the
form
membranes,
which
lack
breathability
comfort,
their
resistance
is
affected
by
external
pressures,
bending
motions,
so
on.
Due
to
core-absorption
effect
fabrics,
fabric-based
often
slow
respond
recover
or
even
fail
presence
high
liquid
water.
Herein,
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS)
hydrophobic
prepared.
The
doped
water
oil
repellents
give
fabric
a
surface
(contact
angle
=
134.7°),
allows
sensor
detect
not
only
gaseous
but
also
times
over
improves
tolerance
environments.
Moreover,
coated
still
has
good
(631.7
mm/s).
It
response
time
low
0.22
s
sensitivity
2.34,
it
capable
detecting
full
range
from
0
100%
RH.
Furthermore,
outstanding
stability
accuracy
detection
when
under
conditions
pressure
bending.
This
work
presents
feasible
cost-effective
approach
monitoring
breath
real
time,
showing
its
potential
use
wearable
devices.
Soft Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Thermoelectric
(TE)
materials
and
sensors
have
emerged
as
a
frontier
in
health
environmental
monitoring,
offering
silent,
simple,
reliable
alternative
to
traditional
power
generation
methods
by
harnessing
waste
heat
into
usable
electrical
energy.
They
also
offer
superior
stability
longevity,
making
them
ideal
for
long-term
monitoring
applications.
Furthermore,
when
compared
other
self-powered
biosensors,
TE
excel
their
ability
operate
wide
range
of
temperatures
conditions,
providing
more
consistent
source
sensor
operation.
This
review
delves
the
recent
advancements
TE-based
sensors,
highlighting
multifunctional
capabilities
real-time
sensing.
We
explore
fundamental
principles
conversion,
including
Seebeck
effect,
assess
performance
metric,
specifically
figure-of-merit
(ZT
).
The
integration
with
flexible
wearable
electronics
is
discussed,
emphasizing
high
efficiency
mechanical
robustness.
Applications
devices
internet
things
(IoT)-integrated
systems
are
underscored,
particularly
fire
detection
personal
monitoring.
Challenges
material
limitations,
miniaturization,
scalability
addressed,
focus
on
future
research
directions
enhance
sustainability
longevity
sensors.
provides
comprehensive
overview
development
technology
its
trajectory,
importance
ongoing
address
current
challenges
realize
these
innovative
devices.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(48)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Ionic
conductive
hydrogels
are
widely
used
in
many
applications
such
as
electrochemical
energy
storage,
flexible
electronic
devices,
and
catalyst
transistors
due
to
their
excellent
ionic
conductivity
well
chemical
stability.
However,
the
fragile
mechanical
properties
lack
of
shaping
methods
severely
limit
further
applications.
Herein,
an
composite
hydrogel
with
reinforced
is
demonstrated
that
can
be
rapidly
3D
printed
using
digital
light
processing
technology.
By
both
γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
moderately
modified
attapulgite
rigid
particle
polyvinyl
alcohol
(PVA)
semicrystal
dual‐network
reinforcement,
mechanically
robust
highly
N
,
‐trimethylethanaminium‐chloride‐based
obtained,
demonstrating
a
5
times
higher
tensile
strength
than
initial
one
turning
orienting
PVA
secondary
network.
Furthermore,
encapsulation
strategy
avoid
dehydration
hydrogel,
strain
sensors
exceed
fabricated
through
structural
design.
This
work
provides
reference
for
attapulgite‐reinforced
biosensing.
Multifunctional
hydrogels
have
garnered
significant
interest
but
remain
challenging
due
to
the
complex
preparation
process
and
high
cost
of
raw
materials.
Herein,
bisphenol
A
diglycidyl
ether
(BADGE)
poly(ethylene
glycol)
(PEGDGE)
were
reacted
with
3-amino-1-propanol
via
a
catalyst-free
amine–epoxy
"click"
chemistry,
followed
by
addition
hydrophilic
1,3-propane
sultone
(1,3-PS)
higher
water
content,
then
cross-linked
hexamethylene
diisocyanate
(HDI)
in
one-pot
provide
polymer
network,
i.e.,
PBAxPEGyPU–PS.
The
two-step
cross-linking
method
enables
greater
precision
controlling
density
process.
situ
microphase-separated
porous
PBA50PEG50PU–PS
demonstrates
nanosized
pores
approximately
100
nm
uniform
distribution
thermodynamic
incompatibility,
enabling
superior
mechanical
properties
transparency
87.9%.
Upon
absorption
loss
cycle,
89.7%
was
obtained
lower
pore
50
solvent-induced
self-assembly
its
amphiphilic
structure.
Furthermore,
bilayer
hydrogel
composed
WPBA90PEG10PU–PS
WPBA50PEG50PU–PS
designed
for
"Janus"
soft
actuator
based
on
difference
between
two
sides
swelling
ability
upon
absorption,
which
has
been
applied
underwater
grasping
humidity-responsive
switch.
To
maintain
inherent
elasticity
conductivity
hydrogel,
glycerol
(Gly)
sodium
ion
(Na+)
introduced
into
mixture.
It
shows
that
WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67
maintains
environmental
stability
more
than
80%
weight
at
20
°C
72
h
additional
frost
resistance
−20
°C,
dual
network
WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67/Na10
exhibits
best
comprehensive
tensile
strength
good
conductivity.
Meanwhile,
1,3-PS
provides
quaternary
ammonium
salt
sulfobetaine,
endowing
multicomponent
antibacterial
sensing
capabilities.
This
work
versatile
approach
preparing
transparent
multifunctional
highlights
their
potential
various
applications.
