International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(6), P. 2595 - 2595
Published: March 13, 2025
Ofloxacin
is
one
of
the
most
commonly
used
antibacterial
substances
in
world.
Like
medicines,
it
ends
up
environment
through
municipal
sewage
and
undergoes
various
transformations,
e.g.,
photodegradation.
The
aim
this
study
was
an
extensive
analysis
ofloxacin
photodegradation
both
pure
antibiotic
a
commercial
eye
drop
forms.
In
study,
sunlight
simulator,
chromatographic
methods
quantitative
qualitative
determination,
biological
for
evaluation
toxicity
(Microbial
Assay
Risk
Assessment
(MARA),
Microtox®
Spirotox)
were
used.
results
showed
that
decomposed
almost
completely
over
2
h
irradiation.
Based
on
high
resolution
mass
spectrometry,
22
photoproducts
identified.
sensitive
strain
bacteria
MARA
test
(Delftia
acidovorans)
responded
at
concentration
7.6
µg
L−1
ofloxacin.
activity
irradiated
samples
higher
than
predicted
based
concentration.
This
suggests
resulting
may
have
bacteriostatic
effect.
additional
acute
tests
indicate
formation
toxic
photoproducts,
so
reasonable
to
use
other
organisms
are
not
focused
specific
target.
Such
actions
allow
capture
other,
unexpected
effects
formed
photoproducts.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Abstract
In
this
study,
the
removal
efficiency
of
OTC
antibiotics
from
pharmaceutical
wastewater
streams
was
evaluated
by
electrooxidation
(EO)
and
electrocatalytic
oxidation
(ECO)
methods
under
different
parameters.
catalytic
studies,
activated
carbon
supported
TiO
2
/AC
catalyst
successfully
synthesized
for
sol–gel
method.
These
catalysts
were
characterized
various
analytical
such
as
XRD,
TEM,
SEM,
DSC
BET.
The
intermediate
products
formed
in
electrochemical
degradation
antibiotic
determined
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
analysis.
UV/Vis
spectrophotometry
cyclic
voltammetry
analyses
also
performed
to
determine
concentration
properties
electroactive
components
present
solution.
experimental
set
design,
optimum
conditions
EO
studies
15
V
voltage,
0.5
g/L
salt
amount,
7
pH
value,
36
mg/L
initial
45
min
contact
time,
while
ECO
experiments,
these
10
0.25
30
time.
According
results
79%
86%
achieved
on
simulated
effluent,
respectively.
show
that
contribute
more
efficient
molecules
accelerating
reactions
offer
a
potential
solution
pollutants.
It
found
an
design
based
CCD-RSM
optimization
model
could
be
important
consideration
better
understanding,
optimizing
increasing
process.
Graphic
abstract
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(9), P. 1907 - 1907
Published: April 25, 2025
Co-trimoxazole
is
an
antibacterial
drug,
a
mixture
of
sulfamethoxazole
(SMX)
and
trimethoprim
(TMP)
in
ratio
5:1.
Due
to
the
different
susceptibility
both
components
decomposition
under
influence
sunlight,
aim
study
was
assess
change
bacteriostatic
activity
during
irradiation
these
antibiotics
sunlight
simulator.
The
assessed
using
Microbial
Assay
for
Risk
Assessment
(MARA),
monitoring
drug
concentrations
as
well
formation
photodegradation
products
liquid
chromatography
(LC).
toxicity
analysis
SMX
TMP
showed
synergistic
six
bacterial
strains.
This
maintained
even
sample
when
80–90%
degraded.
may
indicate
effect
photoproducts
and/or
lack
necessity
maintain
5:1
between
strong
antibiotics.
Analysis
LC
with
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
detector
revealed
presence
11
degradation
products,
including
two
preserved
sulfonamide
structure,
which
exhibit
activity.
