Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 63 - 63
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
Plastic waste (PW) presents a significant environmental challenge due to its persistent accumulation and harmful effects on ecosystems. According the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), global plastic production in 2024 is estimated reach approximately 500 million tons. Without effective intervention, most of this expected become waste, potentially resulting billions tons accumulated PW by 2060. This study explores innovative approaches convert into high-value carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene, nanotubes (CNTs), other advanced structures. Various methods including pyrolysis, arc discharge, catalytic degradation, laser ablation have been investigated transforming CNMs. However, four primary methodologies are discussed herein: thermal decomposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), flash joule heating (FJH), stepwise conversion. The scalability pathways for industrial applications varies significantly. Thermal particularly highly scalable straightforward setup cost-effective operation, making it suitable large-scale processing plants. It also produces fuel byproducts that can be used an alternative energy source, promoting concept recovery circular economy. CVD, while producing high-quality materials, less high cost required complex equipment, catalyst, temperature, pressure, which limits use specialized applications. FJH offers rapid synthesis graphene using economically viable technique generate valuable products green hydrogen, oligomers, light hydrocarbons. still requires optimization throughput. Stepwise conversion, involving multiple stages, challenging scale higher operational complexity cost, but precise control over material properties niche research demonstrates growing potential upcycling materials align with sustainability goals industry, innovation, infrastructure (Goal 9), sustainable cities communities 11), responsible consumption 12). findings underscore need enhanced recycling policy frameworks support shift toward economy mitigate crisis.
Language: Английский
