Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history DOI Creative Commons
Wei Wang, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Rahul Subramanian

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(12), P. 1745 - 1758.e7

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural and 7 engineered spike mutations analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps primary sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BA.2.12.1 are distinct BA.1 more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased than BA.4/BA.5 BA.2.12.1. post-vaccination elicited higher all three alone, although less BA.4/BA.5. Those after two had titer magnitude recognition. Accounting for differences among when interpreting can aid the understanding complex patterns in humoral immunity informs selection future strains.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Yao Fan, Xiang Li, Lei Zhang

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

484

Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters DOI Open Access
Dan H. Barouch

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(11), P. 1011 - 1020

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

T he coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 lives in the United States alone.The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines been a triumph biomedical research, and billions vaccine doses have administered worldwide.Challenges facing field include inequitable distribution, hesitancy, waning immunity, emergence highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies.This review summarizes current state knowledge about immune responses to importance both humoral cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease. A nti v ir l Immunit yThe system is broadly divided into innate adaptive systems.Innate are first line defense viruses rapidly triggered when pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Innate antiviral includes secretion type I interferons, cytokines, certain responses, neutrophils, monocytes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. Adaptive second viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition epitopes.Adaptive two complementary branches system: immunity.Humoral acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein either neutralize virus or eliminate it through other effector mechanisms. 2,3ellular virus-specific B cells which provide long-term immunologic memory expand on reexposure antigen.B produce antibodies, CD8+ directly virally infected CD4+ help support responses.5][6][7] For variant largely escapes neutralizing may be particularly important longterm

Language: Английский

Citations

390

Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 ( Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure DOI Creative Commons
Catherine J. Reynolds, Corinna Pade, Joseph M. Gibbons

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6603)

Published: June 14, 2022

The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T B cell immunity B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. previous variants concern was enhanced triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude responses protein reduced. Immune imprinting by earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) resulted less durable binding B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during wave showed reduced nAb potency itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 abrogated recognition any cross-reactive on

Language: Английский

Citations

323

Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages DOI Creative Commons
Young‐Jun Park, Dora Pinto, Alexandra C. Walls

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(6620), P. 619 - 627

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most derived memory B cells plasma of cases cross-react Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas primary infections narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although clinical have reduced neutralization Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant–neutralizing antibody is a strong candidate for development.

Language: Английский

Citations

202

Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Rishi R. Goel, Mark M. Painter, Kendall A. Lundgreen

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(11), P. 1875 - 1887.e8

Published: April 8, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

186

COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection DOI Creative Commons
Wei-Yu Chi, Yen-Der Li, Hsin‐Che Huang

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled pandemic greatly reduced risk illness death associated with COVID-19. However, due to ability rapidly evolve, SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, there are many important new topics work on if we need live for a long time. To end, hope provide essential knowledge researchers who improvement future vaccines. In review, provided an up-to-date summary current vaccines, discussed biological basis clinical impact variants subvariants, analyzed effectiveness various vaccine booster regimens against different strains. Additionally, reviewed potential mechanisms vaccine-induced adverse events, summarized studies regarding immune correlates protection, finally, next-generation

Language: Английский

Citations

179

Omicron spike function and neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of vaccines DOI Creative Commons
John E. Bowen, Amin Addetia, Ha V. Dang

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6608), P. 890 - 894

Published: July 19, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant of concern comprises several sublineages, with BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 having replaced the previously dominant BA.1 BA.4 BA.5 increasing in prevalence worldwide. We show that large number sublineage spike mutations leads to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) binding, reduced fusogenicity, dampening plasma neutralizing activity elicited by infection or seven clinical vaccines relative ancestral virus. Administration a homologous heterologous booster based on Wuhan-Hu-1 sequence markedly increased antibody titers breadth against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, across all evaluated. Our data suggest although sublineages evade polyclonal responses primary vaccine series, boosters may provide sufficient protection Omicron-induced disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

176

Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant in mice DOI Open Access
Suzanne M. Scheaffer, Diana Lee, Bradley Whitener

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 247 - 257

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

154

The humoral response and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection DOI Open Access
Hai Qi,

Bo Liu,

Xinquan Wang

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 1008 - 1020

Published: June 27, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

151

Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant DOI Creative Commons
Fanglei Zuo, Hassan Abolhassani, Likun Du

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 13, 2022

The recent emergence of the Omicron variant has raised concerns on vaccine efficacy and urgent need to study more efficient vaccination strategies. Here we observed that an mRNA booster in individuals vaccinated with two doses inactivated significantly increased plasma level specific antibodies bind receptor-binding domain (RBD) or spike (S) ectodomain (S1 + S2) both G614 variants, compared homologous vaccine. RBD- S-specific IgG virus neutralization titers against variants concern heterologous group were similar receiving three mRNA-vaccine a boost after infection, but markedly higher than This regime furthermore enhanced RBD-specific memory B cell response S1-specific T response, Our demonstrates vaccines can be highly beneficial, as it increases humoral cellular immune responses virus, including variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

143