Cell Host & Microbe,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
30(12), P. 1745 - 1758.e7
Published: Oct. 21, 2022
The
rapid
emergence
of
SARS-CoV-2
variants
challenges
vaccination
strategies.
Here,
we
collected
201
serum
samples
from
persons
with
a
single
infection
or
multiple
vaccine
exposures,
both.
We
measured
their
neutralization
titers
against
15
natural
and
7
engineered
spike
mutations
analyzed
antigenic
diversity.
Antigenic
maps
primary
sera
showed
that
Omicron
sublineages
BA.2,
BA.4/BA.5,
BA.2.12.1
are
distinct
BA.1
more
similar
to
Beta/Gamma/Mu
variants.
Three
mRNA
COVID-19
vaccinations
increased
than
BA.4/BA.5
BA.2.12.1.
post-vaccination
elicited
higher
all
three
alone,
although
less
BA.4/BA.5.
Those
after
two
had
titer
magnitude
recognition.
Accounting
for
differences
among
when
interpreting
can
aid
the
understanding
complex
patterns
in
humoral
immunity
informs
selection
future
strains.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: April 28, 2022
Abstract
Since
the
outbreak
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic,
there
have
been
a
few
variants
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
one
which
is
Omicron
variant
(B.1.1.529).
The
most
mutated
SARS-CoV-2
variant,
and
its
high
transmissibility
immune
evasion
ability
raised
global
concerns.
Owing
to
enhanced
transmissibility,
has
rapidly
replaced
Delta
as
dominant
in
several
regions.
However,
recent
studies
shown
that
exhibits
reduced
pathogenicity
due
altered
cell
tropism.
In
addition,
significant
resistance
neutralizing
activity
vaccines,
convalescent
serum,
antibody
therapies.
present
review,
advances
molecular
clinical
characteristics
infectivity,
pathogenicity,
was
summarized,
potential
therapeutic
applications
response
infection
were
discussed.
Furthermore,
we
highlighted
future
waves
strategies
end
pandemic.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
387(11), P. 1011 - 1020
Published: Aug. 31, 2022
T
he
coronavirus
disease
2019
(Covid-19)
pandemic
has
claimed
an
estimated
15
million
lives,
including
more
than
1
lives
in
the
United
States
alone.The
rapid
development
of
multiple
Covid-19
vaccines
been
a
triumph
biomedical
research,
and
billions
vaccine
doses
have
administered
worldwide.Challenges
facing
field
include
inequitable
distribution,
hesitancy,
waning
immunity,
emergence
highly
transmissible
viral
variants
that
partially
escape
antibodies.This
review
summarizes
current
state
knowledge
about
immune
responses
to
importance
both
humoral
cellular
immunity
for
durable
protection
against
severe
disease.
A
nti
v
ir
l
Immunit
yThe
system
is
broadly
divided
into
innate
adaptive
systems.Innate
are
first
line
defense
viruses
rapidly
triggered
when
pattern-recognition
receptors,
such
as
toll-like
recognize
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns.Innate
antiviral
includes
secretion
type
I
interferons,
cytokines,
certain
responses,
neutrophils,
monocytes
macrophages,
dendritic
cells,
natural
killer
cells.
Adaptive
second
viruses,
involve
antigen-specific
recognition
epitopes.Adaptive
two
complementary
branches
system:
immunity.Humoral
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
antibodies
bind
SARS-CoV-2
spike
protein
either
neutralize
virus
or
eliminate
it
through
other
effector
mechanisms.
2,3ellular
virus-specific
B
cells
which
provide
long-term
immunologic
memory
expand
on
reexposure
antigen.B
produce
antibodies,
CD8+
directly
virally
infected
CD4+
help
support
responses.5][6][7]
For
variant
largely
escapes
neutralizing
may
be
particularly
important
longterm
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
377(6603)
Published: June 14, 2022
The
Omicron,
or
Pango
lineage
B.1.1.529,
variant
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
carries
multiple
spike
mutations
with
high
transmissibility
and
partial
neutralizing
antibody
(nAb)
escape.
Vaccinated
individuals
show
protection
against
disease,
often
attributed
to
primed
cellular
immunity.
We
investigated
T
B
cell
immunity
B.1.1.529
in
triple
BioNTech
BNT162b2
messenger
RNA-vaccinated
health
care
workers
(HCWs)
different
SARS-CoV-2
infection
histories.
previous
variants
concern
was
enhanced
triple-vaccinated
individuals,
but
the
magnitude
responses
protein
reduced.
Immune
imprinting
by
earlier
B.1.1.7
(Alpha)
resulted
less
durable
binding
B.1.1.529.
Previously
infection-naïve
HCWs
who
became
infected
during
wave
showed
reduced
nAb
potency
itself.
Previous
Wuhan
Hu-1
abrogated
recognition
any
cross-reactive
on
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
378(6620), P. 619 - 627
Published: Oct. 20, 2022
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
Omicron
sublineages
carry
distinct
spike
mutations
resulting
in
escape
from
antibodies
induced
by
previous
infection
or
vaccination.
We
show
that
hybrid
immunity
vaccine
boosters
elicit
plasma-neutralizing
against
BA.1,
BA.2,
BA.2.12.1,
and
BA.4/5,
breakthrough
infections,
but
not
vaccination
alone,
induce
neutralizing
the
nasal
mucosa.
Consistent
with
immunological
imprinting,
most
derived
memory
B
cells
plasma
of
cases
cross-react
Wuhan-Hu-1,
BA.4/5
receptor-binding
domains,
whereas
primary
infections
narrow
specificity
up
to
6
months
after
infection.
Although
clinical
have
reduced
neutralization
Omicron,
we
identified
an
ultrapotent
pan-variant–neutralizing
antibody
is
a
strong
candidate
for
development.
Journal of Biomedical Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
29(1)
Published: Oct. 15, 2022
Abstract
Coronavirus
Disease
2019
(COVID-19)
has
been
the
most
severe
public
health
challenge
in
this
century.
Two
years
after
its
emergence,
rapid
development
and
deployment
of
effective
COVID-19
vaccines
have
successfully
controlled
pandemic
greatly
reduced
risk
illness
death
associated
with
COVID-19.
However,
due
to
ability
rapidly
evolve,
SARS-CoV-2
virus
may
never
be
eradicated,
there
are
many
important
new
topics
work
on
if
we
need
live
for
a
long
time.
To
end,
hope
provide
essential
knowledge
researchers
who
improvement
future
vaccines.
In
review,
provided
an
up-to-date
summary
current
vaccines,
discussed
biological
basis
clinical
impact
variants
subvariants,
analyzed
effectiveness
various
vaccine
booster
regimens
against
different
strains.
Additionally,
reviewed
potential
mechanisms
vaccine-induced
adverse
events,
summarized
studies
regarding
immune
correlates
protection,
finally,
next-generation
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
377(6608), P. 890 - 894
Published: July 19, 2022
The
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
Omicron
variant
of
concern
comprises
several
sublineages,
with
BA.2
and
BA.2.12.1
having
replaced
the
previously
dominant
BA.1
BA.4
BA.5
increasing
in
prevalence
worldwide.
We
show
that
large
number
sublineage
spike
mutations
leads
to
enhanced
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE2)
binding,
reduced
fusogenicity,
dampening
plasma
neutralizing
activity
elicited
by
infection
or
seven
clinical
vaccines
relative
ancestral
virus.
Administration
a
homologous
heterologous
booster
based
on
Wuhan-Hu-1
sequence
markedly
increased
antibody
titers
breadth
against
BA.1,
BA.2,
BA.2.12.1,
BA.4,
across
all
evaluated.
Our
data
suggest
although
sublineages
evade
polyclonal
responses
primary
vaccine
series,
boosters
may
provide
sufficient
protection
Omicron-induced
disease.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: May 13, 2022
The
recent
emergence
of
the
Omicron
variant
has
raised
concerns
on
vaccine
efficacy
and
urgent
need
to
study
more
efficient
vaccination
strategies.
Here
we
observed
that
an
mRNA
booster
in
individuals
vaccinated
with
two
doses
inactivated
significantly
increased
plasma
level
specific
antibodies
bind
receptor-binding
domain
(RBD)
or
spike
(S)
ectodomain
(S1
+
S2)
both
G614
variants,
compared
homologous
vaccine.
RBD-
S-specific
IgG
virus
neutralization
titers
against
variants
concern
heterologous
group
were
similar
receiving
three
mRNA-vaccine
a
boost
after
infection,
but
markedly
higher
than
This
regime
furthermore
enhanced
RBD-specific
memory
B
cell
response
S1-specific
T
response,
Our
demonstrates
vaccines
can
be
highly
beneficial,
as
it
increases
humoral
cellular
immune
responses
virus,
including
variant.