The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) - acetate, propionate, and butyrate are important bacterial fermentation metabolites regulating many aspects of human physiology. Decreases in the concentrations any or multiple SCFAs associated with various detrimental effects to host. Previous research has broadly focused on gut microbiome produced as a group, minimal distinction between independently, each significantly different host effects. In this review, we comprehensively delineate roles these emphasis receptor affinity, signaling pathway involvement, net physiologic Butyrate is highlighted due its unique role gastrointestinal-associated functions, especially maintaining barrier integrity. functions by promoting epithelial tight junctions, serving fuel for colonocyte ATP production, modulating immune system. Interaction system occurs locally gastrointestinal tract systemically brain. Investigation into conducted production pathways specific players involved highlights risk use gram-positive targeted antibiotics. We review discuss evidence showing relationship butyrate-producing genus,

Language: Английский

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Fungi, immunosenescence and cancer

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 67 - 82

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived IPA alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation through upregulating Th1/Th17 cell apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

The gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) plays an important role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis, while the molecular mechanisms underlying IPA regulation on CD4+ T cell functions inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain elusive. Here we investigated roles of modulating cells and its therapeutic potential treatment human IBD. Leveraging metabolomics microbial community analyses, observed that levels IPA-producing microbiota (e.g. Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, Fournierella) were decreased, IPA-consuming Parabacteroides, Erysipelatoclostridium, Lachnoclostridium) increased feces IBD patients than those healthy donors. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis CD45RBhighCD4+ transfer-induced chronic models then established mice treated orally with to study inflammation vivo. We found oral administration attenuated both mice, as characterized by body weight, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A) histological scores colon. further utilized RNA sequencing, docking simulations, surface plasmon resonance analyses identified exerts biological effects interacting heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), leading inducing Th1/Th17 apoptosis. Consistently, ectopic expression HSP70 conferred resistance IPA-induced Therefore, these findings identify a previously unrecognized pathway which modulates provide promising avenue for

Language: Английский

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Composition, Influencing Factors, and Effects on Host Nutrient Metabolism of Fungi in Gastrointestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 710 - 710

Published: March 1, 2025

Intestinal fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiota, constitute a small (0.01-2%) but crucial component of the overall intestinal microbiota. While fungi are far less abundant than bacteria in gut, volume an average fungal cell is roughly 100-fold greater that bacterial cell. They play vital role nutrient metabolism and maintaining health. The composition spatial organization mycobiota vary across different animal species influenced by multitude factors, including age, diet, host's physiological state. At present, quantitative research on monogastric animals remains scarce, investigations into mechanisms underlying their metabolic functions also relatively restricted. This review delves distribution characteristics Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania slooffiae, animals, factors influencing composition, consequent impacts host objective offer insights for deeper understanding nutritional significance explore which they affect health relation inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, obesity. Through systematic evaluation functional contributions, this shifts our perception from overlooked commensals key components gut ecosystem dynamics, emphasizing potential personalized control regulation enhancement prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in capturing the mycobiome from shotgun metagenome data: lack of software and databases

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 7, 2025

The mycobiome, representing the fungal component of microbial communities, is increasingly acknowledged as an integral part gut microbiome. However, research in this area remains relatively limited. characterization mycobiome taxa from metagenomic data heavily reliant on quality software and databases. In study, we evaluated feasibility profiling using existing bioinformatics tools simulated data. We identified seven claiming to perform taxonomic assignment shotgun sequences. One these was outdated required substantial modifications code be functional thus excluded. To evaluate accuracy identification relative abundance remaining (Kraken2, MetaPhlAn4, EukDetect, FunOMIC, MiCoP, HumanMycobiomeScan), constructed 18 mock communities varying species richness levels. comprised up 165 belonging phyla Ascomycota Basidiomycota, commonly found microbiomes. Of tools, FunOMIC HumanMycobiomeScan needed source run. Notably, only one species, Candida orthopsilosis, consistently by all across where it included. Increasing community improved precision Kraken2 genus, family MetaPhlAn4 accurately genera present most species. top three for overall both estimation were respectively. Adding 90% 99% bacterial background did not significantly impact tools' performance. Among whole genome reference HMS, MiCoP), MiCoP exhibited highest when same database used. Our survey mycobiome-specific revealed a very limited selection such their poor robustness due error-prone software, along with significant lack comprehensive databases enabling mycobiome. None implemented fully agreed profiles. recognized but EukDetect provided predictions that closest correct compositions.

Language: Английский

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A population-scale analysis of 36 gut microbiome studies reveals universal species signatures for common diseases

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Intestinal fungal-host interactions in promoting and maintaining health

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(10), P. 1668 - 1680

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The resident microbiota are a key component of healthy organism. vast majority microbiome studies have focused on bacterial members, which constitute significant portion microbial biomass. Recent demonstrated how the fungal microbiota, or mycobiome, influences mammalian biology despite its low abundance compared to other microbes. Fungi known for their pathogenic potential, yet fungi also prominent colonizers in states, highlighting duality. We summarize characteristics that define gut mycobiome across life, factors can impact composition, and identify mechanisms confer health benefits. goal this review is synthesize our knowledge regarding composition function with view inspiring future therapeutic advances.

Language: Английский

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The role and mechanism of gut-lung axis mediated bidirectional communication in the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

The current studies have shown that the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are closely related to changes in gut health its microenvironment, even some diseases significant clinical correlation with COPD. dysbiosis microbiota observed COPD patients also suggests a potential bidirectional interaction between lung. Communication lung may occur through circulating inflammatory cells, microbial metabolites, mediators, but mechanism communication is still under study. Therefore, more research needed this area. In review, we summarize recent animal models on role gut-lung axis mechanisms, so as provide ideas for further field. addition, summarized negative effects medication risk factors proposed prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Commensal fungi, a force to be reckoned with

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 6 - 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Typing of feces-derived Candida albicans strains using a novel seven-locus microsatellite panel reveals associations with yeast phenotype in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease

Pathogens and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Inflammatory diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract are affected by microbes that reside in mucosal surfaces. Patients with inflammatory bowel (IBD) have altered bacterial and fungal intestinal compositions, including higher levels fecal Candida yeasts. Ongoing research indicates genetic phenotypic diversity albicans may be linked disease severity. Here, we set out to investigate feces-derived C. strains from individuals IBD healthy volunteers through microsatellite-based genotyping assays. A seven-locus microsatellite panel was applied, which six loci were newly developed. It appears there is no specific lineage associated IBD, but rather three study populations (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, volunteers) do distinguishable distributions genotypes. In addition, characterization means enzyme release assays revealed trends between genotypes, virulence-related activity clinical biomarkers. We thus show typing can describe strains, these indeed correlate genotype or disease. This opens further possibilities fungi relation severity inflammation other (intestinal) diseases.

Language: Английский

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