A Brief History of Simulation Neuroscience DOI Creative Commons
Xue Fan, Henry Markram

Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 7, 2019

Our knowledge of the brain has evolved over millennia in philosophical, experimental and theoretical phases. We suggest that next phase is simulation neuroscience. The main drivers neuroscience are big data generated at multiple levels organization need to integrate these trace causal chain interactions within across all levels. Simulation currently only methodology for systematically approaching multiscale brain. In this review, we attempt reconstruct deep historical paths leading neuroscience, from first observations nerve cell modern efforts digitally simulate Neuroscience began with identification neuron as fundamental unit structure function towards understanding role each type brain, how cells connected other, seemingly infinite networks they form give rise vast diversity functions. Neuronal mapping evolving subjective descriptions types objective classes, subclasses types. Connectivity loose topographic maps between regions dense anatomical physiological connections individual genetically distinct neurons. Functional psychological behavioral stereotypes a map behaviors emerging structural functional connectomes. show industrialization resulting large disconnected datasets generating demand integrative scale neuronal connectivity driving digital atlasing reconstruction piece together organization, complexity molecules, neurons, microcircuits understand

Language: Английский

Reconstruction of neocortex: Organelles, compartments, cells, circuits, and activity DOI Creative Commons
Nicholas L. Turner, Thomas Macrina, J. Alexander Bae

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(6), P. 1082 - 1100.e24

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Classification of Mouse Retinal Bipolar Cells: Type-Specific Connectivity with Special Reference to Rod-Driven AII Amacrine Pathways DOI Creative Commons

Yoshihiko Tsukamoto,

Naoko Omi

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 24, 2017

We confirmed the classification of 15 morphological types mouse bipolar cells by serial section transmission electron microscopy and characterized each type identifying chemical synapses gap junctions at axon terminals. Although whether previous 5 consist two or three was uncertain, they are here clustered into based on vertical distribution axonal ribbons. Next, while groups rod (RB) cells, RB1, RB2, were previously proposed, we clarify that a half RB1 have intermediate characteristics, suggesting these comprise single RB type. After validation cell types, examined their relationship with amacrine then particularly AII cells. found strong correlation between number synaptic contacts Formation output ribbon synapse may be effectively regulated few nearby inhibitory inputs which chosen from among many types. also almost all ON cone frequently minor group midway ribbons along passing through OFF sublamina as well major terminal in sublamina. connected to five six via conventional seven eight (cone) electrical (gap junctions). However, is dependent Type 2 69% total 6 46% area Both gain greatest access signals share those other networked junctions. These findings imply most sensitive scotopic signal conveyed center ganglion numerous

Language: Английский

Citations

131
Cadherin Combinations Recruit Dendrites of Distinct Retinal Neurons to a Shared Interneuronal Scaffold DOI Creative Commons
Xin Duan, Arjun Krishnaswamy,

Mallory A. Laboulaye

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 99(6), P. 1145 - 1154.e6

Published: Sept. 1, 2018

Distinct neuronal types connect in complex ways to generate functional neural circuits. The molecular diversity required specify this connectivity could be supplied by multigene families of synaptic recognition molecules, but most studies date have assessed just one or a few members at time. Here, we analyze roles cadherins (Cdhs) formation retinal circuits comprising eight that inform the brain about motion four directions. We show least 15 classical Cdhs are expressed neurons these and 6 (Cdh6–10 18) act individually combinations promote specific among cells. They part directing processes output excitatory interneurons cellular scaffold formed inhibitory interneurons. Because combinatorially many central neurons, similar interactions involved patterning throughout brain.

Language: Английский

Citations

109
Neural Mechanisms of Motion Processing in the Mammalian Retina DOI Creative Commons
Wei Wei

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 165 - 192

Published: Aug. 10, 2018

Visual motion on the retina activates a cohort of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This population activity encodes multiple streams information extracted by parallel circuits. Motion processing in is best studied direction-selective circuit. The main focus this review neural basis direction selectivity, which has been investigated unprecedented detail using state-of-the-art functional, connectomic, and modeling methods. Mechanisms underlying encoding other features broader RGC populations are also discussed. Recent discoveries at both single-cell levels highlight dynamic stimulus-dependent engagement mechanisms that collectively implement robust detection under diverse visual conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

108
A Role for Synaptic Input Distribution in a Dendritic Computation of Motion Direction in the Retina DOI Creative Commons
Anna Vlasits, Ryan D. Morrie, Alexandra Tran-Van-Minh

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 89(6), P. 1317 - 1330

Published: March 1, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

98
Three Small-Receptive-Field Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina Are Distinctly Tuned to Size, Speed, and Object Motion DOI Creative Commons
Jason Jacoby, Gregory W. Schwartz

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 610 - 625

Published: Dec. 5, 2016

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are frequently divided into functional types by their ability to extract and relay specific features from a visual scene, such as the capacity discern local or global motion, direction of stimulus orientation, contrast uniformity, presence large small objects. Here we introduce three previously uncharacterized, nondirection-selective ON–OFF RGC that represent distinct set feature detectors in mouse retina. The high-definition (HD) RGCs possess receptive-field centers strong surround suppression. They respond selectively objects sizes, speeds, motion. We present comprehensive morphological characterization HD physiological recordings light responses, size structure, synaptic mechanisms also explore similarities differences between well characterized with comparably receptive field, edge detector, response moving textures. model populations each type study how they differ performance tracking object. These results, besides introducing new together constitute substantial fraction RGCs, provide insights role different circuits shaping fields establish foundation for continued suppression neural basis motion detection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT output retina, retinal (RGCs), diverse group ∼40 neuron often assigned “feature detection” profiles based on aspects scene which respond. describe, first time, substantially augmenting our understanding selectivity. Experiments modeling show while these “high-definition” share certain properties, have tuning size, speed, enabling them occupy niches space.

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Role for Wnt Signaling in Retinal Neuropil Development: Analysis via RNA-Seq and In Vivo Somatic CRISPR Mutagenesis DOI Creative Commons

Sumeet Sarin,

Elizabeth Zuniga-Sanchez,

Yerbol Z. Kurmangaliyev

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 98(1), P. 109 - 126.e8

Published: March 22, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

88
A Central Role for Mixed Acetylcholine/GABA Transmission in Direction Coding in the Retina DOI Creative Commons
Santhosh Sethuramanujam,

Amanda J. McLaughlin,

Geoff deRosenroll

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 90(6), P. 1243 - 1256

Published: May 28, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

87
Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Kerschensteiner

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 135 - 169

Published: April 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Origins of direction selectivity in the primate retina DOI Creative Commons
Yeon Jin Kim,

Beth B. Peterson,

Joanna D. Crook

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 23, 2022

From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types and circuits are signature feature retina, situated at earliest stage visual process. primates, by contrast, direction selectivity hallmark processing areas cortex, but has not been found despite significant effort. Here we combined functional recordings light-evoked responses connectomic reconstruction identify diverse direction-selective macaque monkey retina with distinctive physiological properties synaptic motifs. This circuitry includes an ON-OFF ganglion type, spiking, polyaxonal amacrine starburst cell, all which show selectivity. Moreover, discovered that cells possess strong, non-GABAergic, antagonistic surround mediated input from excitatory bipolar critical for generation radial sensitivity these cells. Our findings open door investigation precortical computes primate system.

Language: Английский

Citations

51