Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7(9), P. e2387 - e2387
Published: Sept. 29, 2016
Abstract
The
loss
of
stem
cells
residing
in
the
base
intestinal
crypt
has
a
key
role
radiation-induced
injury.
In
particular,
Lgr5
+
(ISCs)
are
indispensable
for
regeneration
following
exposure
to
radiation.
Mesenchymal
(MSCs)
have
previously
been
shown
improve
epithelial
repair
mouse
model
radiation
injury,
and,
therefore,
it
was
hypothesized
that
this
protective
effect
is
related
ISCs.
study,
found
that,
radiation,
transplantation
MSCs
improved
survival
mice,
ameliorated
injury
and
increased
number
regenerating
crypts.
Furthermore,
there
significant
increase
ISCs
their
daughter
cells,
including
Ki67
transient
amplifying
Vil1
enterocytes
lysozyme
Paneth
response
treatment
with
MSCs.
Crypts
isolated
from
mice
treated
formed
higher
larger
enteroids
than
those
PBS
group.
MSC
also
reduced
apoptotic
within
small
intestine
at
6
h
post-radiation.
Interestingly,
Wnt3a
active
β
-catenin
protein
levels
were
intestines
MSC-treated
mice.
addition,
intravenous
delivery
recombinant
after
damage
radioprotective,
although
not
same
degree
as
treatment.
Our
results
show
support
growth
endogenous
ISCs,
thus
promoting
molecular
mechanism
action
mediating
be
activation
Wnt/
signaling
pathway.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Feb. 7, 2018
Abstract
Here
we
describe
a
method
for
fabricating
primary
human
Small
Intestine-on-a-Chip
(Intestine
Chip)
containing
epithelial
cells
isolated
from
healthy
regions
of
intestinal
biopsies.
The
are
expanded
as
3D
organoids,
dissociated,
and
cultured
on
porous
membrane
within
microfluidic
device
with
microvascular
endothelium
in
parallel
microchannel
under
flow
cyclic
deformation.
In
the
Intestine
Chip,
epithelium
forms
villi-like
projections
lined
by
polarized
that
undergo
multi-lineage
differentiation
similar
to
however,
these
expose
their
apical
surfaces
an
open
lumen
interface
endothelium.
Transcriptomic
analysis
also
indicates
Chip
more
closely
mimics
whole
duodenum
vivo
when
compared
duodenal
organoids
used
create
chips.
Because
fluids
flowing
through
can
be
collected
continuously,
sequential
fluid
samples
quantify
nutrient
digestion,
mucus
secretion
establishment
barrier
function
over
period
multiple
days
vitro
.
therefore
may
useful
research
tool
applications
where
normal
is
crucial,
including
studies
metabolism,
nutrition,
infection,
drug
pharmacokinetics,
well
personalized
medicine.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
Abstract
Many
important
cell
types
in
adult
vertebrates
have
a
mesenchymal
origin,
including
fibroblasts
and
vascular
mural
cells.
Although
their
biological
importance
is
undisputed,
the
level
of
heterogeneity
within
between
organs,
while
appreciated,
has
not
been
analyzed
detail.
Here,
we
compare
single-cell
transcriptional
profiles
cells
across
four
murine
muscular
organs:
heart,
skeletal
muscle,
intestine
bladder.
We
reveal
gene
expression
signatures
that
demarcate
from
provide
molecular
for
subtype
identification.
observe
striking
inter-
intra-organ
amongst
fibroblasts,
primarily
reflecting
differences
extracellular
matrix
components.
Fibroblast
subtypes
localize
to
discrete
anatomical
positions
offering
novel
predictions
about
physiological
function(s)
regulatory
signaling
circuits.
Our
data
shed
new
light
on
diversity
poorly
defined
classes
foundation
improved
understanding
roles
pathological
processes.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
35(1), P. 119 - 147
Published: March 30, 2017
The
intestinal
epithelial
barrier
includes
columnar
epithelial,
Paneth,
goblet,
enteroendocrine,
and
tuft
cells
as
well
other
cell
populations,
all
of
which
contribute
properties
essential
for
gastrointestinal
homeostasis.
mucosa
is
covered
by
mucin,
contains
antimicrobial
peptides
secretory
IgA
prevents
luminal
bacteria,
fungi,
viruses
from
stimulating
immune
responses.
Conversely,
the
transport
microorganisms-mediated
M,
dendritic,
goblet
cells-into
tissues
facilitates
harmonization
active
quiescent
mucosal
bacterial
population
within
gut-associated
lymphoid
creates
intratissue
cohabitations
harmonized
immunity.
Intermolecular
intercellular
communication
among
immune,
mesenchymal
an
environment
conducive
regeneration
healing.
This
review
summarizes
so-called
ecological
network-the
complex
but
vital
molecular
cellular
interactions
cells,
commensal
microbiota
that
achieve
homeostasis,
regeneration,
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
66, P. 81 - 93
Published: Feb. 2, 2017
The
intestine
is
a
vital
organ
responsible
for
nutrient
absorption,
bile
and
waste
excretion,
major
site
of
host
immunity.
In
order
to
keep
up
with
daily
demands,
the
has
evolved
mechanism
expand
absorptive
surface
area
by
undergoing
morphogenetic
process
generate
finger-like
units
called
villi.
These
villi
house
specialized
cell
types
critical
both
absorbing
nutrients
from
food,
protecting
commensal
pathogenic
microbes
present
in
adult
gut.
this
review,
we
will
discuss
mechanisms
that
coordinate
intestinal
development,
growth,
maturation
small
intestine,
starting
formation
early
gut
tube,
through
villus
morphogenesis
into
postnatal
life
when
must
adapt
acquisition
food
intake,
interactions
microbes.
