Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 101607 - 101607

Published: March 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Chemoconnectomics: Mapping Chemical Transmission in Drosophila

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 101(5), P. 876 - 893.e4

Published: Feb. 21, 2019

Language: Английский

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Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(10), P. 2574 - 2594.e23

Published: May 1, 2024

High-resolution electron microscopy of nervous systems has enabled the reconstruction synaptic connectomes. However, we do not know sign for each connection (i.e., whether a is excitatory or inhibitory), which implied by released transmitter. We demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict transmitter types presynapses from micrographs: network trained to six transmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, octopamine) achieves an accuracy 87% individual synapses, 94% neurons, and 91% known cell across D. melanogaster whole brain. visualize ultrastructural features used prediction, discovering subtle but significant differences between phenotypes. also analyze distributions brain find neurons develop together largely express only one fast-acting GABA). hope our publicly available predictions act as accelerant neuroscientific hypothesis generation fly.

Language: Английский

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Substrates for Neuronal Cotransmission With Neuropeptides and Small Molecule Neurotransmitters in Drosophila

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 23, 2018

It has been known for more than 40 years that individual neurons can produce one neurotransmitter and neuropeptides often are colocalized with small molecule neurotransmitters (SMNs). Over the much progress made in understanding functional consequences of cotransmission nervous system mammals. There also some excellent invertebrate models have revealed roles coexpressed SMNs increasing complexity, flexibility dynamics neuronal signaling. However, fly Drosophila there surprisingly few studies on cotransmission, although is ample evidence colocalization neuroactive compounds CNS, based both traditional techniques novel single cell transcriptome analysis. With hope to trigger interest initiating studies, this review summarizes what about circuits where different colocalized. Coexistence substances recorded neuron types such as neuroendocrine cells, interneurons, sensory cells motor neurons. Some highlighted here well established analysis learning memory, circadian clock networks regulating rhythmic activity sleep, olfaction, nociception, feeding, metabolic homeostasis, diuretic functions, reproduction developmental processes. One emerging trait broad role short neuropeptide F presynaptic facilitation a number circuits. This discusses relevance coexisting peptides intestine. Based recent transcriptomics data, it likely systems discussed just fraction total set occurs Drosophila. Thus, systematic search further anatomically defined near future.

Language: Английский

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Neurotransmitter Classification from Electron Microscopy Images at Synaptic Sites in Drosophila Melanogaster

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 13, 2020

Abstract High-resolution electron microscopy of nervous systems enables the reconstruction connectomes. A key piece missing information from connectomes is synaptic sign. We show that for D. melanogaster , artificial neural networks can predict transmitter type released at synapses micrographs and thus add putative signs to connections. Our network discriminates between six transmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, octopamine) with an average accuracy 87%/94% synapses/entire neurons. developed explainability method reveal which features our using found significant ultrastructural differences classical transmitters. in two characterize morphological connection properties tens thousands neurons classed by predicted expression. find hemilineages largely express only one fastacting among their Furthermore, we different may differ like polarization projection targets.

Language: Английский

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Connectomic analysis of the Drosophila lateral neuron clock cells reveals the synaptic basis of functional pacemaker classes

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 29, 2022

The circadian clock orchestrates daily changes in physiology and behavior to ensure internal temporal order optimal timing across the day. In animals, a central brain coordinates rhythms throughout body is characterized by remarkable robustness that depends on synaptic connections between constituent neurons. neuron network of Drosophila, which shares motifs with networks mammalian yet built many fewer neurons, offers powerful model for understanding properties timekeeping. Here, we report an assessment connectivity within network, focusing critical lateral (LN) classes Janelia hemibrain dataset. Our results reveal previously identified anatomical functional subclasses LNs represent distinct connectomic types. Moreover, identify small number non-clock cell subtypes representing highly synaptically coupled nodes network. This suggests neurons lacking molecular timekeeping likely play integral roles To our knowledge, this represents first comprehensive analysis neuronal network.Most organisms Earth possess system ensures bodily processes such as sleep, wakefulness or digestion take place at right time. These precise are kept check master brain. There, thousands – some carrying ‘molecular clock’ connect each other through structures known synapses. Exactly how resulting organised support remains unclear. explore question, Shafer, Gutierrez et al. focused fruit flies, recent efforts have systematically mapped every connection organism. Analysing available data from connectome project revealed most important were fact forming fewest synapses addition, without clocks mediated strong those did, suggesting ‘clockless’ cells still role With research, provide unexpected insights into organisation clock. Better underpin will help grasp why these disrupted obesity, depression Alzheimer’s disease.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine cybernetics: neuropeptides as molecular switches in behavioural decisions

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7)

Published: July 1, 2022

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from changing environment hence modulate activity synaptic circuits of brain. This context-dependent neuromodulation is largely based non-synaptic signalling with neuropeptides. Here, we describe select peptidergic systems Drosophila brain that act at different levels a hierarchy associated physiology. These regions, such as central complex mushroom bodies, which supervise specific behaviours. At top level there are small numbers large neurons arborize widely multiple areas orchestrate or global state manner. bottom local provide executive sensory gain intrinsically restricted parts neuronal circuits. The orchestrating receive interoceptive signals mediate energy sleep homeostasis, metabolic circadian timing, well affect food search, aggression mating. Some these can be triggers conflicting behaviours mating versus aggression, feeding, participate circuits, enabling choices switches.

Language: Английский

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The Neuronal Circuit of the Dorsal Circadian Clock Neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2022

Drosophila's dorsal clock neurons (DNs) consist of four clusters (DN1as, DN1ps, DN2s, and DN3s) that largely differ in size. While the DN1as DN2s encompass only two neurons, DN1ps ∼15 DN3s comprise ∼40 per brain hemisphere. In comparison to well-characterized lateral (LNs), neuroanatomy function DNs are still not clear. Over past decade, numerous studies have addressed their role fly's circadian system, leading several sometimes divergent results. Nonetheless, these agreed important fine-tune activity under light temperature cycles play essential roles linking output from LNs downstream control sleep metabolism. Here, we used Flybow specific split-GAL4 lines, trans-Tango, recently published fly connectome (called hemibrain) describe morphology greater detail, including synaptic connections other non-clock neurons. We show some DN groups heterogenous. certain strongly connected with LNs, others mainly signal circuits clock. Among latter mushroom body central complex tubercle bulb neurosecretory cells pars intercerebralis, unidentified partners. This heterogeneity may explain conflicting results previously found about functionality. Most importantly, identify putative novel communication centers network: one fiber bundle superior protocerebrum running toward anterior optic hub posterior protocerebrum. Both invaded by might an instrumental network.

Language: Английский

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Synaptic connectome of the Drosophila circadian clock

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Abstract The circadian clock and its output pathways play a pivotal role in optimizing daily processes. To obtain insights into how diverse rhythmic physiology behaviors are orchestrated, we have generated comprehensive connectivity map of an animal using the Drosophila FlyWire brain connectome. Intriguingly, identified additional dorsal neurons, thus showing that network contains ~240 instead 150 neurons. We revealed extensive contralateral synaptic within discovered novel indirect light input to also elucidated via which modulates descending neurons known regulate feeding reproductive behaviors. Interestingly, observed sparse monosynaptic between downstream higher-order centers neurosecretory cells behavior physiology. Therefore, integrated single-cell transcriptomics receptor mapping decipher putative paracrine peptidergic signaling by Our analyses neuropeptides expressed suggest significantly enriches interconnectivity network.

Language: Английский

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Mutual coupling of neurons in the circadian master clock: what we can learn from fruit flies

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100112 - 100112

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Circadian master clocks in the brain consist of multiple neurons that are organized into populations with different morphology, physiology, and neuromessenger content presumably functions. In most animals, these distributed bilaterally, located close proximity to visual system, synchronized by eyes light-dark cycles environment. mammals cockroaches, each two consists a core region receives information from shell which output projections originate, whereas flies several other insects, lateral dorsal regions. all cases, morning evening clock seem exist, communication between them neurons, as well connection across hemispheres, is prerequisite for normal rhythmic function. Phenomena such rhythm splitting, internal desynchronization caused "decoupling" hemispheres or decoupling certain within one hemisphere. Since contain relatively few characterized at individual level, fly particularly suited study neurons. Here, we review organization bilateral brain, focus on synaptic paracrine connections comparison insects mammals.

Language: Английский

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