A genetic map of the mouse dorsal vagal complex and its role in obesity

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 530 - 545

Published: March 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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The integrated brain network that controls respiration

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2023

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, respiratory control network has organize muscular synergies integrate ventilation with posture body movement. Finally, coupled cardiovascular emotion. Here, we argue can handle this all by integrating brainstem central pattern generator circuit in larger also comprises cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as center, cerebellum well known for its coordinating modulating role motor behavior, autonomic nervous system. review, discuss regions involved respiration, their anatomical functional interactions. We how sensory feedback result adaptation these mechanisms be compromised various neurological psychological disorders. demonstrate generators are part integrated regions.

Language: Английский

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Hindbrain circuits in the control of eating behaviour and energy balance

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 826 - 835

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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The ins and outs of the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract: An overview of cellular populations and anatomical connections

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: March 29, 2022

The body and brain are in constant two-way communication. Driving this communication is a region the lower brainstem: dorsal vagal complex. Within complex, caudal nucleus of solitary tract (cNTS) major first stop for incoming information from to carried by vagus nerve. anatomy makes it ideally positioned respond signals change both emotional bodily states. In turn, cNTS controls activity regions throughout that involved control behaviour physiology. This review intended help anyone with an interest cNTS. First, I provide overview architecture outline wide range neurotransmitters expressed subsets neurons Next, detail, discuss known inputs outputs briefly highlight what regarding neurochemical makeup function those connections. Then, one group neurons: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-expressing neurons. GLP-1 serve as good example neurons, which receive input varied sources have ability modulate Finally, consider we might learn about other our study why important remember manipulation molecularly defined likely affect physiology behaviours beyond monitored individual experiments.

Language: Английский

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New insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of the atypical sodium leak channel NALCN

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 104(1), P. 399 - 472

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Cell excitability and its modulation by hormones neurotransmitters involve the concerted action of a large repertoire membrane proteins, especially ion channels. Unique complements coexpressed channels are exquisitely balanced against each other in different excitable cell types, establishing distinct electrical properties that tailored for diverse physiological contributions, dysfunction any component may induce disease state. A crucial parameter controlling is resting potential (RMP) set extra- intracellular concentrations ions, mainly Na + , K Cl − their passive permeation across through leak Indeed, dysregulation RMP causes significant effects on cellular excitability. This review describes molecular channel NALCN, which associates with accessory subunits UNC-79, UNC-80, NLF-1/FAM155 to conduct depolarizing background currents various neurons. Studies animal models clearly demonstrate NALCN contributes fundamental processes nervous system including control respiratory rhythm, circadian sleep, locomotor behavior. Furthermore, associated severe pathological states humans. The critical involvement physiology now well established, but study has been hampered lack specific drugs can block or agonize vitro vivo. Molecular tools available accelerate our understanding how key functions development novel therapies channelopathies.

Language: Английский

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Multiple NTS neuron populations cumulatively suppress food intake

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Several discrete groups of feeding-regulated neurons in the nucleus solitary tract (nucleus tractus solitarius; NTS) suppress food intake, including avoidance-promoting that express Cck (NTSCck cells) and distinct Lepr- Calcr-expressing (NTSLepr NTSCalcr cells, respectively) intake without promoting avoidance. To test potential synergies among these cell groups, we manipulated multiple NTS populations simultaneously. We found activating sets (e.g. NTSLepr plus [NTSLC], or NTSLC NTSCck [NTSLCK]) suppressed feeding more robustly than single populations. While cells include promoted conditioned taste avoidance (CTA), activation produced no CTA despite abrogating feeding. Thus, ability to promote formation represents a dominant effect but non-aversive augments suppression provoking Furthermore, silencing neuron augmented body weight greater extent populations, consistent with notion each plays crucial cumulative roles control energy balance. NTSLCK failed blunt weight-loss response vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) activated many non-NTSLCK neurons, however, suggesting as-yet undefined types must make additional contributions restraint

Language: Английский

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Anatomical distribution of µ-opioid receptors, neurokinin-1 receptors, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in the mouse brainstem respiratory network

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(1), P. 108 - 129

Published: May 15, 2024

Opioid drugs can cause serious respiratory side-effects by binding to µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in brainstem regions that control breathing. To better understand the and their cellular subpopulations may be vulnerable modulation opioids, we provide a comprehensive map of Oprm1 (gene encoding MORs) mRNA expression throughout modulate Notably, identify glutamatergic neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing cells as potentially opioid worthy further investigation using targeted approaches.

Language: Английский

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Leptin-mediated neural targets in obesity hypoventilation syndrome

SLEEP, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(9)

Published: July 2, 2022

Abstract Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as daytime hypercapnia in obese individuals the absence of other underlying causes. In United States, OHS present 10%–20% patients with obstructive sleep apnea and linked to during sleep. leads high cardiorespiratory morbidity mortality, there no effective pharmacotherapy. The depressed hypercapnic ventilatory response plays a key role OHS. pathogenesis has been resistance an adipocyte-produced hormone, leptin, major regulator metabolism control breathing. Mechanisms by which leptin modulates breathing are potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies Recent advances shed light on molecular pathways related central chemoreceptor function health disease. Leptin signaling nucleus solitary tract, retrotrapezoid nucleus, hypoglossal dorsomedial hypothalamus, anatomical projections from these nuclei respiratory centers, may contribute this review, we describe current views leptin-mediated mechanisms that regulate CO2 homeostasis focus therapeutics treatment

Language: Английский

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Leptin signaling and its central role in energy homeostasis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Leptin plays a critical role in regulating appetite, energy expenditure and body weight, making it key factor maintaining healthy balance. Despite numerous efforts to develop therapeutic interventions targeting leptin signaling, their effectiveness has been limited, underscoring the importance of gaining better understanding mechanisms through which exerts its functions. While hypothalamus is widely recognized as primary site responsible for appetite-suppressing weight-reducing effects leptin, other brain regions have also increasingly investigated involvement mediating leptin’s action. In this review, we summarize signaling pathways neural networks that mediate with specific emphasis on homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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The multifunctionality of the brainstem breathing control circuit

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102974 - 102974

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Subconscious breathing is generated by a network of brainstem nodes with varying purposes, like pacing or patterning certain breath phase. Decades anatomy, pharmacology, and physiology studies have identified characterized the system's fundamental properties that produce robust breathing, we now well-conceived computational models are based on detailed descriptions neuronal connectivity, biophysical properties, functions in breathing. In total, considerable understanding control circuit. But, last five years, utilization molecular genetic approaches to study neural subtypes within each node has led new era circuit research explains how integrated more complex behaviors speaking running connected other physiological systems our state-of-mind. This review will describe basic role key components then highlight transformative discoveries broaden these brain areas. These serve illustrate creativity exciting future research.

Language: Английский

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