Interferon at the crossroads of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 299(8), P. 104960 - 104960

Published: June 24, 2023

A novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, possibly following a zoonotic crossover from present bats. This virus was identified the pathogen responsible for severe respiratory disease, disease-19 (COVID-19), which of May 2023, has killed an estimated 6.9 million people globally according to World Health Organization. The interferon (IFN) response, cornerstone antiviral innate immunity, plays key role determining outcome infection by SARS-CoV-2. review considers evidence that leads IFN production; replication is sensitive action; molecular mechanisms antagonizes and how genetic variability human host affects response at level production or action both. Taken together, current understanding suggests deficiency effective important determinant underlying some cases critical COVID-19 disease IFNλ IFNα/β have potential therapeutics treatment infection.

Language: Английский

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An immunostimulatory glycolipid that blocks SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza infections in vivo

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 4, 2023

Abstract Prophylactic vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have lowered the incidence of severe COVID-19, but emergence viral variants that are antigenically distinct from vaccine strains concern and additional, broadly acting preventive approaches desirable. Here, we report on a glycolipid termed 7DW8-5 exploits host innate immune system to enable rapid control infections in vivo. This binds CD1d antigen-presenting cells thereby stimulates NKT release cascade cytokines chemokines. The intranasal administration prior virus exposure significantly blocked infection by three different authentic SARS-CoV-2, as well respiratory syncytial influenza virus, mice or hamsters. We also found this protective antiviral effect is both host-directed mechanism-specific, requiring molecule interferon- $$\gamma$$ γ . A chemical compound like easy administer cheap manufacture may be useful not only slowing spread COVID-19 responding future pandemics long before drugs developed.

Language: Английский

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Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and has brought a huge burden in terms of human lives. Strict social distance influenza vaccination have been recommended to avoid co-infections between viruses SARS-CoV-2. Scattered reports suggested protective effect vaccine on development severity. We analyzed 51 studies the capacity affect infection with SARS-CoV-2, hospitalization, admission Intensive Care Units (ICU), mortality. All subjects taken into consideration did not receive any anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, although their status respect previous infections SARS-CoV-2 is known. Comparison vaccinated not-vaccinated for each four endpoints was expressed as odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs); all analyses were performed by DerSimonian Laird model, Hartung-Knapp model when less than 10. In total 61 029 936 from 33 studies, reduced frequency [OR plus CI = 0.70 (0.65-0.77)]. The significant together, health care workers general population; type also importance. 98 174 11 ICU (95% CI) 0.71 (0.54-0.94)]; pregnant women hospitalized subjects. contrast, 4 737 328 14 hospitalization modified 1.05 (0.82-1.35)], 139 660 19 mortality 0.76 (0.26-2.20)]. Our study emphasizes importance protection against infection.

Language: Английский

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The antiviral state of the cell: lessons from SARS-CoV-2

Current Opinion in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 102426 - 102426

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sub‐lineages of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants: Characteristics and prevention

MedComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

Abstract Since the start of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, new variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have emerged, accelerating spread virus. Omicron was defined by World Health Organization in November 2021 as fifth “variant concern” after Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. In recent months, has become main epidemic strain. Studies shown that carries more mutations than Delta, wild‐type, facilitating immune escape its transmission. This review focuses on variant's origin, transmission, biological features, subvariants, mutations, escape, vaccination, detection methods. We also discuss appropriate preventive therapeutic measures should be taken to address challenges posed variant. is valuable guide surveillance, prevention, development vaccines other therapies for variants. It desirable develop a efficient vaccine against variant take effective constrain promote public health.

Language: Английский

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Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 134 - 143

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Abstract Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized importance of mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in nasal passages, is directly exposed to environment sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it serve a direct route entry from outside world into brain. As result, olfactotropic infections have serious consequences, including dysfunction system, CNS invasion, dissemination lower respiratory and transmission between individuals. Recent research shown that distinctive response needed protect neuronal mucosal tissue. A better understanding innate, adaptive, structural barriers develop effective therapeutics vaccines against microbes such SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize ramifications infection mucosa, review subsequent response, discuss important areas future for immunity infectious disease.

Language: Английский

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Co-infection of mice with SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis limits early viral replication but does not affect mycobacterial loads

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Viral co-infections have been implicated in worsening tuberculosis (TB) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, global rate of TB-related deaths has increased for first time over a decade. We others previously shown that resolved prior or concurrent influenza A virus infection

Language: Английский

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Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 381 - 398

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Interferon signaling in the nasal epithelium distinguishes among lethal and common cold coronaviruses and mediates viral clearance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(21)

Published: May 17, 2024

All respiratory viruses establish primary infections in the nasal epithelium, where efficient innate immune induction may prevent dissemination to lower airway and thus minimize pathogenesis. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause a range of pathologies, but host viral determinants disease during common cold versus lethal HCoV are poorly understood. We model initial site infection using epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, human rhinovirus-16 cold-associated that exhibit unique features this model: early antiviral interferon (IFN) signaling, IFN-mediated clearance, preferential replication temperature (33 °C) which confers muted IFN responses. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 MERS-CoV encode antagonist proteins clearance cultures. Our study identifies shared among viruses, highlighting responses as predictive outcomes nasally directed IFNs potential therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Inhalation Delivery of Interferon-λ-Loaded Pulmonary Surfactant Nanoparticles Induces Rapid Antiviral Immune Responses in the Lung

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 11147 - 11158

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The interferon-λ (IFN-λ)-regulated innate immune responses in the airway expand our understanding toward antiviral strategies against influenza A virus (IAV). application of IFN-λ as mucosal therapeutic is still challenging, and advanced research will be necessary to achieve more efficient delivery recombinant IFN-λs damaged respiratory mucosa. In this study, we examine capability stimulate response, promoting swift elimination IAV lungs. Additionally, develop IFN-λ-loaded nanoparticles incorporated into pulmonary surfactant for inhalation therapy aimed at treating lung infections caused by IAV. We found that inhaled IFNλ-PSNPs significantly restricted replication lungs from 3 days after infection (dpi), IAV-caused histopathologic findings were completely improved response IFNλ-PSNPs. More significant rapid attenuation viral RNA was observed mice with compared IFN-λs. Inhalation treatment IAV-infected can result increase monocyte frequency concert restoration T B cells composition. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles monocytes shifted heightened IFN following IFNλ-PSNP treatment. These results imply could serve a robust inducer immunity infection, encapsulated PSNPs effectively resolves through clearance. facilitated lungs, triggering potent upon onset.

Language: Английский

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