5-aminolevulinate and CHIL3/CHI3L1 treatment amid ischemia aids liver metabolism and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 4802 - 4820

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Rationale: Liver resection and transplantation surgeries are accompanied by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury that hampers the subsequent liver recovery. Given is main organ for metabolism detoxification, in essence bestows metabolic stress upon disrupts local immune homeostasis. Most of recent current research works concerning HIR have been focusing on addressing HIR-induced inflammation, instead dealing with reprogramming restoration redox As our previous work uncovers importance 5-aminolevulinate (5-ALA) synthesis during adaptation, here we evaluate effects supplementing 5-ALA to mitigate injury. Methods: was supplemented into mice or cultured cells ischemic oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) phase. Following reperfusion reoxygenation, cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondrial production reactive oxygen species (ROS) transcriptomic changes were evaluated mouse models hepatocytes macrophages. injury, hepatocytic functional tests, macrophagic M1/M2 polarization assessed. Results: Dynamic expression key enzymes first confirmed donor samples following HIR. Supplemented modulated lipid reduced ATP macrophages HIR, resulting elevation anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. Mechanistically, down-regulates chemokine receptor CX3CR1 via repression RelA OGD reoxygenation (OGD/R). Cx3cr1 KO demonstrated milder injuries more macrophage after macrophage-secreted chitinase-like protein 3 (CHIL3; CHI3L1 human) an important effector downstream deficiency. Addition CHIL3/CHI3L1 alone improved hepatocellular OGD/R-inflicted human hepatocytes. Combined treatment CHIL3 phase facilitated Conclusion: Our results reveal promotes downregulation while macrophage-produced also manifests beneficial recovery metabolism. together dysfunction injuries, which may be developed safe effective clinical treatments attenuate injuries.

Language: Английский

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Cold resistance of mammalian hibernators ∼ a matter of ferroptosis?

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 25, 2024

Most mammals adapt thermal physiology around 37°C and large deviations from their range, as observed in severe hypothermia hyperthermia, resulting organ dysfunction individual death. A prominent exception is mammalian hibernation. Mammalian hibernators resist the long-term duration of low body temperature that lethal to non-hibernators, including humans mice. This cold resistance supported, at least part, by intrinsic cellular properties, since primary or immortalized cells several hibernator species can survive longer than those non-hibernators when cultured temperatures. Recent studies have suggested cold-induced cell death fulfills hallmarks ferroptosis, a type necrotic accompanies extensive lipid peroxidation iron-ion-mediated reactions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge molecular levels systemic discuss key pathways confer mammals.

Language: Английский

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Chronic hypoxia drives the occurrence of ferroptosis in liver of fat greening (Hexagrammos otakii) by activating HIF-1α and promoting iron production

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 117135 - 117135

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Lipid metabolism and microbial regulation analyses provide insights into the energy-saving strategies of hibernating snakes

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Hibernation is a necessary means for animals to maintain survival while coping with low temperatures and food shortages. While most studies have largely focused on mammalian hibernation, its reptilian equivalent has been less studied. In order provide insights into the energy metabolism potential microbial regulatory mechanisms in hibernating snakes, serum, liver, gut content samples were measured by multi-omic methods. Here we show active snakes more vigorous lipid metabolism, whereas hibernation groups higher sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, results indicate that supply pathway was gluconeogenesis. Microbial analysis reveals Proteobacteria Firmicutes showed dynamic changes transformation among active, pre-hibernation periods. The correlation role of Romboutsia, Providencia Vagococcus regulating above producing certain metabolites. advance understanding complex energy-saving strategy poikilotherms. Multi-omics approach provides unique strategies microbiota bile acid storage snakes.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Varied Stimuli on Escape Behavior Diversification of Himalayan Marmots for Different Human Disturbances

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 935 - 935

Published: March 25, 2025

We measured the alert distance (AD), flight-initiation (FID), buffer (BD), and fled (DF) of Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) from four populations experiencing human disturbances same persistence but different intensities when subjected to varied stimuli (a running or walking man with without a leashed dog alone). analyzed effects on AD, FID, BD, DF each population relationship among illustrate escape strategy diversification studied for disturbed by stimuli. found that intra-population emerged were threatened The AD FID shorter an individual was toward than he focal marmots. A as stimulus produced similar result alone. Nevertheless, no single threat, all three distances triggered due significantly those alone (walking running) approaching Inter-population also stimulus: dog, their behavior determined intensity disturbance. changes in across populations, two increasing decrease disturbance intensity, showed significant variation areas. No inter-population dog. These diversifications may levels habituation sizes and, consequently, visibilities humans dogs.

Language: Английский

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Migratory microbiomes: the role of the gut microbiome in bird migration eco‐physiology

Journal of Avian Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Long‐distance bird migration is one of the most metabolically and immunologically challenging feats in animal kingdom, with birds often needing to double their weight a matter days facing increased exposure novel pathogens. The physiological behavioural adaptations required survive such journeys may be facilitated by gut microbiome, diverse community symbiotic microbes that produce rare nutrients, fatty acids, immune compounds can confer rapid changing environmental conditions. However, causal role microbiome regulating physiology remains mystery. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge composition function during migration, outline possible mechanisms which changes could benefit migrants, identify future research priorities. We find active usually associated reduced diversity expansion several study‐specific taxa. Additionally, some microbial traits have been found correlate host condition fat deposits migration. there little understanding how relate parameters, molecular linking or underlying ecological, dietary, intrinsic drivers across migratory cycle. Our review draws from examples non‐migratory systems explore microbiomes adaptively regulate relevant highlight need for studies connect circulating metabolites experimental test metabolite dynamics controlled settings. Given its demands ubiquity, presents an excellent model system investigate adaptive potential natural populations.

Language: Английский

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The Research Progress on the Interaction between Mammalian Gut Microbiota and the Host’s Metabolism Homeostasis during Hibernation

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 134 - 134

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Hibernating mammals confront seasonal and harsh environmental shifts, prompting a cycle of pre-hibernation feeding subsequent winter fasting. These adaptive practices induce diverse physiological adjustments within the animal’s body. With gut microbiota’s metabolic activity being heavily reliant on host’s diet, this cycle’s primary impact is microbial community. When structure composition microbiota changes, corresponding alterations in interactions occur between these microorganisms their host. successive adaptations significantly contribute to capacity sustain relatively stable immune functions severe conditions. A thorough investigation into reciprocal interplay host during hibernation-induced changes holds promise for unveiling new insights. Understanding underlying mechanisms driving may potentially unlock innovative approaches address extreme pathological conditions humans.

Language: Английский

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The interaction between gut microbiota and hibernation in mammals

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Hibernation, an evolved survival trait among animals, enables them to endure frigid temperatures and food scarcity during the winter months, it is a widespread phenomenon observed in mammals. The gut microbiota, crucial component of animal nutrition health, exhibits particularly dynamic interactions hibernating This manuscript comprehensively evaluates impacts fasting, hypothermia, hypometabolism on microbiota It suggests that alterations may contribute significantly maintenance energy metabolism intestinal immune function hibernation, mediated by their metabolites. By delving into these intricacies, we can gain deeper understanding how mammals adapt environments consequences dietary modifications symbiotic relationship between host. Additionally, this knowledge inform our comprehension protective mechanisms underlying long-term fasting non-hibernating species, including humans, providing valuable insights nutritional strategies health maintenance.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing healthcare: inorganic medicinal nanoarchitectonics for advanced theranostics

Nanoscale Horizons, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 460 - 483

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Over the last two decades, advancements in nanomaterials and nanoscience have paved path for emergence of nano-medical convergence science, significantly impacting healthcare. In our review, we highlight how these are applied various biomedical technologies such as drug delivery systems, bio-imaging diagnostic therapeutic purposes. Recently, novel inorganic nanohybrid drugs been developed, combining multifunctional with agents (known medicinal nanoarchitectonics). These innovative actively utilized cutting-edge medical treatments, including targeted anti-cancer therapy, photo radiation immunotherapy. This review provides a detailed overview current development status nanoarchitectonics explores potential future directions their advancements.

Language: Английский

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