Learning of object-in-context sequences in freely-moving macaques DOI Creative Commons
Saman Abbaspoor, Kaleel Rahman, Wolf Zinke

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

ABSTRACT Flexible learning is a hallmark of primate cognition, which arises through interactions with changing environments. Studies the neural basis for this flexibility are typically limited by laboratory settings that use minimal environmental cues and restrict environment, including active sensing exploration. To address this, we constructed 3-D enclosure containing touchscreens on its walls, studying cognition in freely moving macaques. test flexible learning, two monkeys completed trials consisting regular sequence object selections across four touchscreens. On each screen, had to select touching sole correct item (‘target’) among set items, irrespective their positions screen. Each was target exactly one screen sequence, making performance conditioned spatiotemporal rule screens. Both successfully learned multiple 4-item sets (N=14 22 sets), totaling over 50 80 unique, conditional item-context memoranda, no indication capacity limits. The allowed freedom movements leading up following touchscreen interactions. determine whether movement economy changed reconstructed 3D position dynamics using markerless tracking software gyroscopic inertial measurements. Whereas general body remained consistent repeated sequences, fine head varied as learned, within sets, demonstrating or “learning learn”. These results demonstrate monkeys’ rapid, capacious, an integrated, multisensory space. Furthermore, approach enables measurement continuous behavior while ensuring precise experimental control behavioral repetition sequences time. Overall, harmonizes design features needed electrophysiological studies tasks showcase fully situated, cognition.

Language: Английский

Prefrontal Cortex Encodes Behavior States Decoupled from Movement DOI
Ida V. Rautio, Fredrik Nevjen, Ingeborg Gullikstad Hem

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A hierarchical multiscale model of forward and backward alpha-band traveling waves in the visual system DOI Creative Commons
Jakob C. B. Schwenk, Andrea Alamia

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Abstract Recent studies have shown that low-frequency oscillations in the cortex are often organized as traveling waves. The dynamical properties of these waves, span different scales, been linked to both sensory processing and cognitive functions. In EEG recordings, alpha-band (∼10Hz) waves propagate predominantly directions occipital-frontal axis, with forward being most prominent during visual processing, while backward dominate at rest suppression. While a previous study has proposed functional model explain their generation propagation, multi-scale, biologically plausible implementation is still lacking. Here, we present multi-scale network mean-field dynamics that, building on known interlaminar cortico-cortical projections, reproduces observed recordings. We show scalp-level can arise from two distinct sub-networks connected infragranular layers each area. At rest, generates spontaneous switches state upon bottom-up stimulation, reproducing recordings healthy participants.. then expand our cortico-thalamic parallel feedforward pathway through pulvinar. Our results this biases cortical high pulvinar engagement leads without external input. This result line suggesting key role for directing information flow cortex, provide computational basis investigate dynamics. summary, provides architecture modeling macroscale Importantly, bridges gap between scales by connecting laminar activity spatial patterns scalp level, providing grounded comprehensive view propagation

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Deciphering social traits and pathophysiological conditions from natural behaviors in common marmosets DOI
Takaaki Kaneko, Jumpei Matsumoto,

Wanyi Lu

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(13), P. 2854 - 2867.e5

Published: June 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Assessment of toxicity of residues of normal/green cracker and their impact on soil DOI Open Access

Darpan Dubey,

Awadhesh Kumar

Journal of Laser Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

In the present work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to examine hazardous constituents in residues of six types normal and green firecracker samples. The residue firecracker’s samples contains spectral lines toxic chemicals such as Al, Ba, Sr, Mg, Ti a similar way fresh powder crackers. contain elements Al intensities these are so high that also electronic bands AlO SrO. UV-vis spectra molecules KNO3, CaO, Al2O3, SrO firecrackers does. This reflects toxicity remains after burning firecrackers’ Therefore, mixed soil, where they burn contaminate it. For assessment contamination concentration micronutrients Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, P calculated using atomic absorption (AAS) techniques found increase all contaminated soil compared blank soil. contaminated. classification with residues, principal component analysis (PCA) hierarchical clustering (HCA) applied LIBS data set.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
State-dependent Online Reactivations for Different Learning Strategies in Foraging DOI Creative Commons
Sangkyu Son, Maya Zhe Wang, Benjamin Y. Hayden

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

SUMMARY Reactivation of neural responses associated with navigation is thought to facilitate learning. We wondered whether reactivation subject contextual control, meaning that different types learning promote patterns. trained macaques forage in a first-person virtual maze and identified two distinct states prioritizing reward information using unsupervised ethogramming based on low-level features. In orbitofrontal (OFC) retrosplenial (RSC) cortices, representations the goal, path towards it, recently traveled paths were strongly reactivated - online during reward-prioritizing choices. During learning, optimal increased RSC after choices, uninformative decreased OFC information-prioritizing selectively covaried ongoing activity when information; vice versa reward. These results highlight cognitive can drive patterns be tailored needs moment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Control over a mixture of policies determines change of mind topology during continuous choice DOI Open Access
Justin M. Fine,

Seng-Bum Michael Yoo,

Benjamin Y. Hayden

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2024

Behavior is naturally organized into categorically distinct states with corresponding patterns of neural activity; how does the brain control those states? We propose that are regulated by specific processes implement meta-control can blend simpler processes. To test this hypothesis, we recorded from neurons in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and premotor (PMd) while macaques performed a continuous pursuit task two moving prey followed evasive strategies. used novel theoretic approach to infer subjects' moment-to-moment latent variables, which turn dictated their identifiable identified low-dimensional subspaces neuronal responses reflected current strategy, value pursued target, relative targets. The top principal components activity tracked changes mind abstract change-type-specific formats, respectively. These results indicate behavioral state reflects interaction found prefrontal regions mixture over low-level policies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Complementary benefits of multivariate and hierarchical models for identifying individual differences in cognitive control DOI Creative Commons
Michael Freund, Ruiqi Chen, Gang Chen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2024

Understanding individual differences in cognitive control is a central goal psychology and neuroscience. Reliably measuring these differences, however, has proven extremely challenging, at least when using standard measures neuroscience such as response times or task-based fMRI activity. While prior work pinpointed the source of issue - vast amount cross-trial variability within solutions remain elusive. Here, we propose one potential way forward: an analytic framework that combines hierarchical Bayesian modeling with multivariate decoding trial-level data. Using this longitudinal data from Dual Mechanisms Cognitive Control project, estimated individuals' neural responses associated color-word Stroop task, then assessed reliability across time interval several months. We show many prefrontal parietal brain regions, test-retest was near maximal, only models were able to reveal state affairs. Further, compared traditional univariate contrasts, enabled individual-level correlations be significantly greater precision. specifically link improvements precision optimized suppression decoding. Together, findings not indicate control-related individuate people highly stable manner time, but also suggest integrating provides powerful approach for investigating control, can effectively address high-variability measures.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
State-Dependent Online Reactivations for Different Learning Strategies in Foraging DOI
Sangkyu Son, Maya Zhe Wang,

Ben Hayden

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Reactivation of neural responses associated with navigation is thought to facilitate learning. We wondered whether reactivation subject contextual control, meaning that different types learning promote patterns. trained macaques forage in a first-person virtual maze and identified two distinct states prioritizing reward information using unsupervised ethogramming based on low-level features. In orbitofrontal (OFC) retrosplenial (RSC) cortices, representations the goal, path towards it, recently traveled paths were strongly reactivated - online during reward-prioritizing choices. During learning, optimal increased RSC after choices, uninformative decreased OFC information-prioritizing selectively covaried ongoing activity when information; vice versa reward. These results highlight cognitive can drive patterns be tailored needs moment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Social neuroscience: Primate research goes wireless DOI
Pier Francesco Ferrari, Jacopo Baldi

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. R536 - R539

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Prefrontal cortex encodes behavior states decoupled from movement DOI Creative Commons
Ida V. Rautio, Fredrik Nevjen, Ingeborg Gullikstad Hem

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Abstract Prefrontal cortex is often viewed as an extension of the motor system, but little understood how it relates to natural behavior. We therefore tracked kinematics freely moving rats performing minimally structured tasks and measured which aspects behavior were read out in prefrontal neural populations. Naturalistic behaviors such rearing or chasing a bait each encoded by unique ensembles, behavioral representations not anchored posture movement. Rather, coding kinematic features depended on their relevance animals’ current task animal performed. Behavior-specific ensembles preceded outlasted physical actions and, accordingly, population activity evolved at slower timescales than cortex. These findings argue that locked output, may instead reflect motivations perform certain rather themselves. Highlights uniquely encode different naturalistic Behavioral tuning explained movement Population evolves M1 Single-cell varies across yet ensemble stable

Language: Английский

Citations

0