Biomedical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100866 - 100866
Published: April 1, 2025
Macrophages are critical immune cells present in virtually every tissue, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis beyond their traditional roles. Past and recent evidence highlights involvement endocrine regulation, particularly within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes. This review explores ontogeny function of macrophages residing hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, gonads, emphasizing contributions hormonal output homeostasis. hypothalamus pituitary modulate neuroendocrine signalling, impacting stress reproductive hormone production. In adrenal glands, distinct macrophage subsets regulate glucocorticoid mineralocorticoid synthesis, influencing systemic metabolism blood pressure. Gonadal steroidogenesis fertility, with roles testosterone production, ovarian folliculogenesis, corpus luteum maintenance. The emerging understanding regulation may seed novel therapeutic approaches for disorders. Future research should further elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying production explore implications metabolic, immune, health.
Language: Английский